Bēl-ṣarbi
Bel-ṣarbi or Šar-ṣarbati was a Mesopotamian god associated with poplars. He was also known under the Sumerian name Lugal-asal. He frequently appears in enumerations of deities associated with the underworld who formed the entourage of Nergal, and in some cases could be equated with him. A possible feminine counterpart, NIN-ṣar-BE, is known from neo-Assyrian sources, and is sometimes identified with earlier Ištar-ṣarbatum from Ebla in modern scholarship.
Character
The name Bēl-ṣarbi means "lord of the poplar" in Akkadian. In Sumerian it was rendered as Lugal-asal. The names are used interchangeably in scholarship. The second element can be interpreted as a nisba, since it can be written with the determinative of a place name. Possibly a name of an area associated with the god, perhaps a grove, was derived from the trees. It is assumed two separate places bearing the name Ṣarbat existed. The southern Ṣarbat or Ṣarbatum was located near Babylon, Dilbat and Sippar, while the northern Ṣarbat most likely in the proximity of the Sinjar Mountains. Šar-ṣarbati could also be associated with the Euphrates, as attested in Šurpu. Similarly, a lipšur litany describes him as a god who "travels on the Tigris and the Euphrates."Bēl-ṣarbi could also function as one of the gods connected with underworld.
According to an esoteric text assigning various objects and substances to deities, Lugal-asal corresponded to a muššaru stone. It is assumed that this term refers to a red agate.
Worship
Bēl-ṣarbi was the city god of Baz. In Neo-Assyrian sources it was called Šapazzu. This settlement was located near Dilbat. A temple dedicated to Šar-ṣarbati, E-durgina existed in it. Its name has also been rendered as E-tušgina. It was rebuilt by Nebuchadnezzar II. An association between Baz and the Bazi dynasty of Babylon has been proposed, but it has been argued that its name instead corresponds to a location near the juncture of the Diyala and Tigris rivers, associated with the Kassite clan Bīt-Bazi. It is possible that both names are derived from the Akkadian word baṣṣu, "sandbank," and that originally multiple settlements bearing this name existed, even though only one is present in sources from the first millennium BCE.The gods of Baz were carried off to Assyria during the reign of Tiglath-Pileser III. A relief from Kalhu dated to this period shows Assyrian soldiers carrying away the figure of a god holding an unidentified object. It has been suggested that it might be Bēl-ṣarbi, and that an eagle emblem present on the same relief also belonged to him. A further Assyrian source mentioning Bēl-ṣarbi is a text from the reign of Ashurbanipal which mentions that "Lugal-asal of Šapazzu" was among the deities who accompanied him during his campaign against Elam, which most likely took place in the year 653 BCE. The other gods mentioned are Ashur, Marduk, Nabu, Anu rabu and Shamash.
In the Old Babylonian period Bēl-ṣarbi was associated with Ḫiritum and Iabušum. An inscription of Samsu-iluna which mentions various forts he built for specific deities lists Iabušum in association with Bēl-ṣarbi. The king describes him as a god "who magnifies my royal name."
Multiple god lists mention Lugal-asal, including An = Anum and its forerunner, as well as the Nippur god list and the Weidner god list.