Lowland East Cushitic languages


Lowland East Cushitic is a group of roughly two dozen diverse languages of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. Its largest representatives are Oromo and Somali.

Classification

Lowland East Cushitic classification from Tosco :
Highland East Cushitic is a coordinate branch with Lowland East Cushitic in Tosco's classification.
"Core" East Cushitic classification from Bender. Saho–Afar is excluded, making it equivalent to Tosco's Southern Lowland East Cushitic, and Yaaku is moved into Western Omo–Tana : 'Core' East Cushitic
  • * Dullay
  • * SAOK
  • ** Eastern Omo–Tana
  • ** Western Omo–Tana
  • ** Oromoid
Highland East Cushitic and Afar–Saho are coordinate branches with Lowland East Cushitic, together forming East Cushitic.

Overview

Lowland East Cushitic is often grouped with Highland East Cushitic, Dullay, and Yaaku as "East Cushitic", but that group is not well defined and considered dubious.
The most spoken Lowland East Cushitic language is Oromo, with about 35 million speakers in Ethiopia and Kenya. The Konsoid dialect cluster is closely related to Oromo. Other prominent languages include Somali with about 30 million speakers, and Afar with about 1.5 million.
Robert Hetzron has suggested that the Rift languages are a part of Lowland East Cushitic, and Kießling & Mous have suggested more specifically that they be linked to a Southern Lowland branch, together with Oromo, Somali, and Yaaku–Dullay.
The vocabulary of the mixed register of Mbugu may also be East Cushitic, though the grammatical basis and the other register are Bantu.
Unclassified within the Lowland languages are Girirra and perhaps the endangered Boon language.
Savà and Tosco believe Ongota is an East Cushitic language with a Nilo-Saharan substratum—that is, that Ongota speakers shifted to East Cushitic from an earlier Nilo-Saharan language, traces of which still remain. However, Fleming considers it to be an independent branch of Afroasiatic.