List of reptiles of Canada
This is a list of the reptiles of Canada. Most species are confined to the southernmost parts of the country. All Canadian reptiles are composed of squamates and testudines.
Conservation status - IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:
Order Squamata
Of the order Squamata, lizards and snakes are represented. There are no known amphisbaenids native to Canada.Snakes (suborder Serpentes">Snakes">Serpentes)
Snakes are the best-represented group of reptiles in Canada, with 35 varieties in three families. They can be found in all provinces and territories except Yukon, Nunavut, and Newfoundland and Labrador.- Charina bottae – southern British Columbia, but not Vancouver Island
- Coluber constrictor foxii – Pelee Island in Ontario
- Coluber constrictor flaviventris – southern Saskatchewan
- Coluber constrictor mormon – south-central British Columbia
- Contia tenuis – southern Vancouver Island in British Columbia
- Crotalus horridus – historically southern Ontario and southern Quebec, extirpated
- Crotalus oreganus oreganus – south-central British Columbia
- Crotalus viridis viridis – southern Alberta, southwestern Saskatchewan
- Diadophis punctatus edwardsii – southeastern Ontario, southern Quebec, most of New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia
- Hypsiglena chlorophaea – extreme south-central British Columbia
- Heterodon nasicus nasicus – southeastern Alberta southern Saskatchewan and southwestern Manitoba
- Heterodon platirhinos – southwestern Ontario
- Lampropeltis triangulum – southern Ontario southern Quebec
- Nerodia sipedon insularum – islands in western Lake Erie
- Nerodia sipedon sipedon – southern and central Ontario, southern Quebec
- Opheodrys vernalis – southeast Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, central and southern Ontario, southern Quebec, most of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island
- Pantherophis gloydi – southwestern Ontario
- Pantherophis alleghaniensis – southeastern Ontario
- Pituophis catenifer deserticola – south-central British Columbia
- Pituophis catenifer sayi – southern Alberta and southern Saskatchewan
- Regina septemvittata – southwestern Ontario
- Sistrurus catenatus – Bruce Peninsula and some parts of southwestern Ontario
- Storeria dekayi – southern Ontario, southern Quebec
- Storeria occipitomaculata occipitomaculata - southeastern Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, southwestern and southeastern Ontario, southern Quebec, most of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island
- Thamnophis butleri – southwestern Ontario
- Thamnophis elegans vagrans – most of British Columbia, most of Alberta, southwestern Saskatchewan, and possibly the Liard River Valley in southwestern Northwest Territories
- Thamnophis ordinoides – southwestern British Columbia, including Vancouver Island
- Thamnophis radix haydeni – eastern Alberta, southern Saskatchewan and southwestern Manitoba
- Thamnophis saurita septentrionalis – southern Ontario and southwestern Nova Scotia
- Thamnophis sirtalis fitchi – central mainland British Columbia almost up to the Yukon border, and northern Vancouver Island
- Thamnophis sirtalis pallidulus – southern half of Quebec, most of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island
- Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis – eastern plains of British Columbia, most of Alberta, extreme southern Northwest Territories around the Fort Smith region, most of Saskatchewan, southern half of Manitoba, and northwestern Ontario
- Thamnophis sirtalis pickeringi – southwest corner of British Columbia, including southern Vancouver Island
- Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis – most of Ontario and Quebec, and the southeast corner of Manitoba
Lizards (suborder Lacertilia">Lizard">Lacertilia)
Lizard diversity is low in Canada, with six native species and one introduced species:- Elgaria coerulea principis – southern British Columbia, including most of Vancouver Island
- Plestiodon skiltonianus - southern interior of British Columbia
- Plestiodon fasciatus – southern Ontario
- Plestiodon septentrionalis septentrionalis – southwestern Manitoba
- Phrynosoma douglasii – extreme south-central British Columbia
- Phrynosoma hernandesi – extreme southeastern Alberta and southern Saskatchewan
- Podarcis muralis - introduced - southeastern Vancouver Island, Denman Island, single records in Vancouver, Summerland and Osoyoos but no populations on BC mainland.
Order Testudines
Of the order Testudines, pond turtles are common in all of Canada's provinces, with the exception of Newfoundland and Labrador, which has sea turtles off its shores as does British Columbia.Land and pond turtles
- Actinemys marmorata extirpated
- Apalone spinifera
- Chelydra serpentina
- Chrysemys picta
- Clemmys guttata
- Emydoidea blandingii
- Glyptemys insculpta
- Graptemys geographica
- Sternotherus odoratus
- Terrapene carolina extirpated