List of trees of Quebec


This list catalogs the trees in Quebec. It includes 140 tree species, of which 99 are native, 40 are introduced, and one is extirpated, the Smooth sumac.
The list is based on two sources: Trees of Canada, 2017 by John Laird Farrar and VASCAN, the Database of Vascular Plants of Canada. For each species, the binomial name is given followed by the author citation, the common name, and its status in the province: native, introduced, or extirpated. The common names and status come from VASCAN. The status – native or introduced – specifically concerns the territory of Quebec: a species may be introduced or naturalized in the province but native elsewhere in Canada.

Order Pinales

Family Cupressaceae

Family Pinaceae

Order Sapindales

Family Sapindaceae

Acer saccharum, 1785 / Sugar Maple / NativeAcer nigrum, 1753 / Black Maple / NativeAcer rubrum, 1753 / Red Maple / NativeAcer saccharinum, 1753 / Silver Maple / NativeAcer negundo, 1753 / Manitoba Maple / IntroducedAcer spicatum Lam. / Mountain Maple / NativeAcer pensylvanicum, 1753 / Striped Maple / NativeAcer platanoides, 1753 / Norway Maple / IntroducedAcer ginnala Wesm., 1890 / Amur Maple / IntroducedAesculus hippocastanum, 1753 / Horse Chestnut / IntroducedPhellodendron amurense, 1857 / Amur Cork Tree / Introduced

Family Rutaceae

Zanthoxylum americanum Mill., 1768 / Northern Prickly Ash / NativePtelea trifoliata, 1753 / Hop Tree / Introduced

Family Anacardiaceae

Rhus glabra L. / Smooth Sumac / ExtirpatedRhus typhina L., 1756 / Staghorn Sumac / NativeToxicodendron vernix Stokes F.Barkley / Poison Sumac / Native

Family Simaroubaceae

Ailanthus altissima Swingle, 1916 / Tree of Heaven / Introduced

Order Lamiales or Scrophulariales

Family Oleaceae

Fraxinus americana, 1753 / White Ash / NativeFraxinus pennsylvanica / Red Ash / NativeFraxinus nigra Marshall, 1785 / Black Ash / NativeSyringa vulgaris Linné, 1753 / Common Lilac / Introduced

Order Dipsacales

Family Caprifoliaceae

Sambucus canadensis L., 1753 / American Elder / NativeSambucus racemosa L., 1753 / Red Elder / NativeViburnum lentago L., 1753 / Nannyberry / NativeViburnum opulus L., 1753 / European Cranberry Bush / IntroducedViburnum lantana L., 1753 / Wayfaring Tree / IntroducedViburnum edule Raf., 1808 / Squashberry / NativeViburnum trilobum Marshall / American Cranberrybush / Native

Order Cornales

Family Cornaceae

Cornus alternifolia L., 1758 / Alternate-leaved Dogwood / Native

Order Celastrales

Family Celastraceae

Euonymus europaeus L. 1753 / European Spindle / IntroducedEuonymus alatus Siebold / Winged Spindle / Introduced

Order Gentianales

Family Rubiaceae

Cephalanthus occidentalis L., 1753 / Buttonbush / Native

Order Rosales

Family Elaeagnaceae

Shepherdia argentea Nutt., 1818 / Silver Buffaloberry / IntroducedShepherdia canadensis Nutt. / Canada Buffaloberry / NativeHippophae rhamnoides L., 1753 / Sea Buckthorn / IntroducedElaeagnus angustifolia L., 1753 / Russian Olive / IntroducedElaeagnus commutata Bernhardi ex Rydberg, 1917 / Silverberry / Native

Family Rosaceae

Sorbus decora C.K.Schneid. / Showy Mountain Ash / NativeSorbus americana Marsh., 1785 / American Mountain Ash / NativeSorbus aucuparia L., 1753 / European Mountain Ash / IntroducedAmelanchier arborea Fernald, 1941 / Downy Serviceberry / NativeAmelanchier laevis Wiegand, 1912 / Smooth Serviceberry / NativeAmelanchier sanguinea DC., 1825 / Roundleaf Serviceberry / NativeAmelanchier bartramiana M.Roem., 1847 / Bartram's Serviceberry / NativeMalus sylvestris Mill. 1768 / European Crab Apple / IntroducedPrunus cerasus L., 1753 / Sour Cherry / IntroducedPrunus pensylvanica L.f., 1782 / Pin Cherry / NativePrunus serotina Ehrh., 1788 / Black Cherry / NativePrunus virginiana L., 1753 / Choke Cherry / NativePrunus nigra Aiton, 1789 / Canada Plum / NativePrunus americana Marshall, 1785 / American Plum / IntroducedCrataegus chrysocarpa Ashe, 1900 / Fireberry Hawthorn / NativeCrataegus punctata Jacq. / Dotted Hawthorn / NativeCrataegus mollis Scheele, 1848 / Downy Hawthorn / NativeCrataegus crus-galli L., 1753 / Cockspur Hawthorn / NativeCrataegus coccinea L., 1753 / Scarlet Hawthorn / NativeCrataegus succulenta ader Rydb. / Fanleaf Hawthorn / NativeCrataegus monogyna Jacq., 1775 / Common Hawthorn / Introduced

Order Juglandales

Family Juglandaceae

Juglans cinerea, 1759 / Butternut / NativeJuglans nigra, 1753 / Black Walnut / IntroducedCarya ovata K.Koch, 1869 / Shagbark Hickory / NativeCarya cordiformis K.Koch, 1869 / Bitternut Hickory / Native

Order Fabales

Family Fabaceae

Robinia pseudoacacia, 1753 / Black Locust / IntroducedCaragana arborescens / Siberian Pea Shrub / Introduced

Order Urticales

Family Moraceae

Morus alba, 1753 / White Mulberry / Introduced

Family Ulmaceae

Ulmus americana L., 1753 / American elm / NativeUlmus thomasii Sarg., 1902 / Rock Elm / NativeUlmus rubra Muhl., 1793 / Slippery Elm / NativeUlmus pumila L. / Siberian Elm / IntroducedCeltis occidentalis L., / Hackberry / Native

Order Hamamelidales

Family Platanaceae

Platanus occidentalis, 1753 / American Sycamore / Native

Order Fagales

Family Fagaceae

Quercus rubra L., 1753 / Northern Red Oak / NativeQuercus alba L., 1753 / White Oak / NativeQuercus macrocarpa Michx. / Bur Oak / NativeQuercus bicolor Willd., 1801 / Swamp White Oak / NativeFagus grandifolia Ehrh., 1788 / American Beech / Native

Family Betulaceae

Betula papyrifera Marshall, 1785 / Paper Birch / NativeBetula cordifolia Regel, 1861 / Mountain Paper Birch / NativeBetula ''xcaerulea-grandis Blanchard / Blueleaf Birch / NativeBetula populifolia Marshall, 1785 / Gray Birch / NativeBetula alleghaniensis Britton, 1904 / Yellow Birch / NativeAlnus incana Moench 1794 / Speckled Alder / NativeAlnus viridis subsp. crispa Raus / Green Alder / NativeAlnus serrulata Willd. / Smooth Alder / NativeCarpinus caroliniana Walter, 1788 / American Hornbeam / NativeOstrya virginiana K.Koch / Eastern Hophornbeam / NativeCorylus cornuta Marshall, 1785 / Beaked Hazelnut / NativeCorylus americana'' Marshall, 1785 / American Hazelnut / Native

Order Hamamelidales

Family Hamamelidaceae

Hamamelis virginiana, 1753 / American Witch Hazel / Native

Order Celastrales

Family Aquifoliaceae

Ilex verticillata A.Gray / Winterberry / NativeIlex mucronata M.Powell, Savol. & S.Andrews, 2000 / Mountain Holly / Native

Order Rhamnales

Family Rhamnaceae

Rhamnus cathartica, 1753 / Common Buckthorn / IntroducedFrangula alnus, 1768 / Glossy Buckthorn / Introduced

Order Malvales

Family Tiliaceae

Tilia americana, 1753 / American Basswood / Native

Order Salicales

Family Salicaceae

Salix amygdaloides Andersson / Peachleaf Willow / NativeSalix bebbiana Sarg., 1895 / Bebb Willow / NativeSalix arbusculoides Andersson / Little Tree Willow / NativeSalix discolor Muhl. / Pussy Willow / NativeSalix pyrifolia Andersson / Balsam Willow / NativeSalix lucida var. lucida Muhl. / Shining Willow / NativeSalix pentandra L. / Bay Willow / IntroducedSalix nigra Marshall, 1785 / Black Willow / NativeSalix fragilis L., 1753 / Crack Willow / IntroducedSalix alba L., 1753 / White Willow / IntroducedSalix alaxensis Andersson, Coville / Felt-leaf Willow / NativeSalix petiolaris Sm. / Meadow Willow / NativeSalix eriocephala Michx., 1803 / Missouri Willow / NativeSalix pellita Anders. 1891 / Satiny Willow / NativeSalix viminalis L., 1753 / Basket Willow / IntroducedSalix purpurea L., 1753 / Purple Willow / IntroducedSalix daphnoides Vill. 1779 / European Violet Willow / IntroducedPopulus balsamifera L., 1753 / Balsam Poplar / NativePopulus ×jackii Sarg. / Jack's Hybrid Poplar / NativePopulus deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall, 1785 / Eastern Cottonwood / NativePopulus tremuloides Michx., 1803 / Quaking Aspen / NativePopulus grandidentata Michx., 1803 / Bigtooth Aspen / NativePopulus nigra L., 1753 / Black Poplar / IntroducedPopulus alba L., 1753 / White Poplar / IntroducedPopulus ×canadensis Moench, 1785 / Carolina Poplar / Native