List of the Dead Sea Scrolls

The following is a list of the Dead Sea Scrolls from the caves near Qumran. The Dead Sea Scrolls are a collection of manuscripts discovered between 1946 and 1956 in the West Bank near the Dead Sea.

List of manuscripts

The content of many scrolls has not yet been fully published. Some resources for more complete information on the scrolls are the book by Emanuel Tov, "Revised Lists of the Texts from the Judaean Desert" for a complete list of all of the Dead Sea Scroll texts, as well as the online webpages for the Shrine of the Book and the Leon Levy Collection, both of which present photographs and images of the scrolls and fragments themselves for closer study. Information is not always comprehensive, as content for many scrolls has not yet been fully published.

Qumran Cave 1

; Description
Wadi Qumran Cave 1 was discovered for the first time in 1946. The initial discovery, by Bedouin shepherd Muhammed edh-Dhib, his cousin Jum'a Muhammed, and Khalil Musa, took place between November 1946 and February 1947. The shepherds discovered seven scrolls housed in jars in a cave near what is now known as the Qumran site, and they took them back to the camp to show to their families. None of the scrolls were destroyed in this process. The original seven Dead Sea Scrolls from Cave 1 at Qumran are the Great Isaiah Scroll, a second copy of Isaiah, the Community Rule Scroll, the Pesher on Habakkuk, the War Scroll, the Thanksgiving Hymns, and the Genesis Apocryphon. One of the pottery jars containing the scrolls from Cave 1 is now kept in the British Museum.

Qumran Cave 2

; Description
Wadi Qumran Cave 2 was discovered in February 1952 and soon the Bedouin people discovered 30 fragments in it. The cave eventually yielded 300 fragments from 33 manuscripts of Dead Sea Scrolls, including fragments of Jubilees and the Wisdom of Sirach written in Hebrew.

Qumran Cave 3

; Description
Wadi Qumran Cave 3 was discovered on 14 March 1952 by the ASOR team. The cave initially yielded fragments of Jubilees and the Copper Scroll.

Qumran Cave 4

; Description
Wadi Qumran Cave 4 was discovered in August 1952, and was excavated from 22–29 September 1952 by Gerald Lankester Harding, Roland de Vaux, and Józef Milik. Cave 4 is actually two hand-cut caves, but since the fragments were mixed, they are labeled as 4Q. Cave 4 is the most famous of Qumran Caves both because of its visibility from the Qumran plateau and its productivity. It is visible from the plateau to the south of the Qumran settlement. It is by far the most productive of all Qumran Caves, producing ninety percent of the Dead Sea Scrolls and scroll fragments, including 9–10 copies of Jubilees, along with 21 tefillin and 7 mezuzot.
;4Q1–4Q100

; 4Q101–4Q200

Fragment or scroll identifier

Fragment or scroll name

Alternative identifier

English Bible Association

Language

Date/script

Description

Reference
Numbers 24:15–17
Joshua 6:26, quoted in Psalms of Joshua
; 4Q201–4Q300

Fragment or scroll identifier

Fragment or scroll name

Alternative identifier

English Bible Association

Language

Date/script

Description

Reference
; 4Q301-

Fragment or scroll identifier	Fragment or scroll name	Alternative identifier	English Bible Association	Language	Date/script	Description	Reference
4QMyst	The Book of Mysteries The Book of Secrets	4Q301		Hebrew	Herodian
4QRP	Reworked Pentateuch	4Q364	Genesis 25:18–21; 26:7–8; 27:39; 28:6; 29:32–33; 30:8–14,26–36; 31:47–53; 32:18–20,26–30; 34:2; 35:28; 37:7–8; 38:14–21; 44:30–34; 45:1,21–27; 48:14–15; Exodus 21:14–22; 19:17; 24:12–14,18; 25:1–2; 26:1,33–35; Numbers 14:16–20; 33:31–49; 20:17–18; Deuteronomy 2:8–14, 30–37; 3:2,18–23; 9:6–7,12–18, 21–25,27–29; 10:1–4, 6–7, 10–13,22; 11:1–2,6–9,23–24; 14:24–26	Hebrew	Late Hasmonean or Herodian	Reworked Pentateuch
4QRP	Reworked Pentateuch	4Q365	Exodus 8:13–19; 9:9–12; 10:19–20; 14:10,12–21; 15:6-,22–26; 17:3–5; 18:13–16; 26:34–36; 28:16–20; 29:20–22; 30:27–38; 31:1–2; 35:–5; 36:32–38; 37:29; 38:1–7; 39:1–19; Leviticus 11:1,17-,32-,-; 13:6–8,15-,51–52; 16:6–7; 18:-; 23:42–44; 24:1–2; 25:7–9; 26:17–32; 27:34; Numbers 1:1–5; 3:26–30; 4:47–49; 7:1,78–80; 8:11–12; 9:15–23; 10:1-; 13:–25,–30; 15:26-; 17:20–24; 27:11; 36:1–2; Deuteronomy 2:24; 19:20–21; 20:1	Hebrew	Late Hasmonean/ Early Herodian	Reworked Pentateuch
4QRP	Reworked Pentateuch	4Q366	Exodus 21;35–37; 22:1–5; Leviticus 24:20–22; 25:39–43; Numbers 29:14-, 32–39; 30:1; Deuteronomy 16:13–14; 14:–21	Hebrew	Herodian	Reworked Pentateuch
4QRP	Reworked Pentateuch	4Q367	Leviticus 11:47; 12:1–8; 13:1; 15:14–15; 19:1–4,9–15; 20:13; 27:30–34	Hebrew	Hasmonean	Reworked Pentateuch
4QapocrJosh	Apocryphon of Joshua	4Q378		Hebrew	Herodian	Texts drawing on the content of Joshua, Exodus and Numbers.
4QapocrJosh	Apocryphon of Joshua	4Q379		Hebrew	Hasmonean	Texts drawing on the content of Joshua, Exodus and Numbers.
4QpsEzek	Pseudo-Ezekiel	4Q385 4Q385b 4Q385c 4Q386 4Q388 4Q391		Hebrew	Herodian
4QMMT /4Q Cal.Doc.D	Miqsat Ma'ase Ha-Torah or Some Precepts of the Law or the Halakhic Letter	4Q394–399		Hebrew	Herodian
4Q Non-Canonical Psalms A	Songs of Sabbath Sacrifice or the Angelic Liturgy	4Q400–407		Hebrew	Hasmonean	cf. 11Q5–6
4QInstruction	Sapiential Work A	4Q415–418		Hebrew	Herodian
4QParaphrase	Paraphrase of Genesis and Exodus	4Q415–418		Hebrew	Herodian
4Q Barkhi Nafshi	Barkhi Nafshi – Apocryphal Psalms	4Q434		Hebrew	Herodian	15 fragments: likely hymns of thanksgiving praising God for his power and expressing thanks
4Q Apocr. Psalm and Prayer	Hymn to King Jonathan or The Prayer For King Jonathan Scroll	4Q448	Psalms 154	Hebrew	Hasmonean	In addition to parts of Psalms 154 it contains a prayer mentioning "King Jonathan".
4QpapGen or papJub	pap-Genesis or pap-Jubilees	4Q483	Genesis 1:28–29, or Book of Jubilees	Hebrew	Herodian
4QShir	Songs of the Sage or Songs of the Maskil	4Q510–511		Hebrew	Herodian
4Q Messianic Apocalypse	Messianic Apocalypse	4Q521		Hebrew	Hasmonean	Made up of two fragments
4Q Jonathan		4Q523		Hebrew	Hasmonean	MeKleine Fragmente, z.T. gesetzlichen Inhalts; Fragment is legal in content. PAM number, 41.944
4QTempleScroll	Temple Scroll	4Q524		Hebrew	Hasmonean
4QBeatitudes		4Q525	Sirach 25:10; Matthew 5:3 –12	Hebrew	Herodian
4Q TJoseph	Testament of Joseph	4Q539		Aramaic	Hasmonean
4QapocrLevi	Testament of Levi	4Q541		Aramaic	Hasmonean	Aramaic frag. also called "4QApocryphon of Levi ar"
4QTKohath	Testament of Qahat	4Q542		Aramaic	Hasmonean
4QNJ	New Jerusalem	4Q555		Aramaic	Herodian	cf. 1Q32, 2Q24, 5Q15, 11Q18
4QGen	Genesis	4Q576	Genesis 34:7–10; 50:3	Hebrew	Hasmonean
Unnumbered				Hebrew		Nine unopened fragments recently rediscovered in storage

Qumran Cave 5

; Description
Wadi Qumran Cave 5 was discovered alongside Cave 6 in 1952, shortly after the discovery of Cave 4. Cave 5 produced approximately 25 manuscripts.

Qumran Cave 6

; Description
Wadi Qumran Cave 6 was discovered alongside Cave 5 in 1952, shortly after the discovery of Cave 4. Cave 6 contained fragments of about 31 manuscripts.

Qumran Cave 7

; Description
Wadi Qumran Cave 7 yielded fewer than 20 fragments of Greek documents, including 7Q2, 7Q5, and a Greek copy of a scroll of Enoch. Cave 7 also produced several inscribed potsherds and jars.

Qumran Cave 8

; Description
Wadi Qumran Cave 8, along with caves 7 and 9, was one of the only caves that are accessible by passing through the settlement at Qumran. Carved into the southern end of the Qumran plateau, cave 8 was excavated by archaeologists in 1957. Cave 8 produced five fragments: Genesis, Psalms, a tefillin fragment, a mezuzah, and a hymn. Cave 8 also produced several tefillin cases, a box of leather objects, tons of lamps, jars, and the sole of a leather shoe.

Qumran Cave 9

; Description
Wadi Qumran Cave 9, along with caves 7 and 8, was one of the only caves that are accessible by passing through the settlement at Qumran. Carved into the southern end of the Qumran plateau, Cave 9 was excavated by archaeologists in 1957. There was only one manuscript fragment found in Cave 9.

Qumran Cave 10

; Description
In Qumran Cave 10 archaeologists found two ostraca with writing on them, along with an unknown symbol on a grey stone slab.

Qumran Cave 11

; Description
Wadi Qumran Cave 11 was discovered in 1956 and yielded 21 texts of the Dead Sea Scrolls, some of which were quite lengthy. The Temple Scroll, so called because more than half of it pertains to the construction of the Temple of Jerusalem, was found in Cave 11, and is by far the longest scroll. It is now 26.7 feet long. Its original length may have been over 28 feet. The Temple Scroll was regarded by scholar Yigael Yadin as "The Torah According to the Essenes". On the other hand, Hartmut Stegemann, a contemporary and friend of Yadin, believed the scroll was not to be regarded as such, but was a document without exceptional significance. Stegemann notes that it is not mentioned or cited in any known Essene writing.
Also in Cave 11, an eschatological fragment about the biblical figure Melchizedek was found. Cave 11 also produced a copy of Jubilees.
According to former chief editor of the DSS editorial team John Strugnell, there are at least four privately owned scrolls from Cave 11, that have not yet been made available for scholars. Among them is a complete Aramaic manuscript of the Book of Enoch·.