List of state-owned enterprises in Egypt


In 1952 Egypt’s private sector accounted for 76 percent of economic investment. Following the nationalization plans carried out by President Gamal Abdel Nasser in the effort to build a post-independence socialist state, this percentage drastically shifted within a few decades to government investment accounting for over 80 percent of economic investment. This figure included all banking, insurance, foreign trade, medium and heavy industry air transport, and public utilities, as well as many retail stores, newspapers, maritime transport, construction companies, and large infrastructure assets.
By the late 1970s, president Sadat shifted Egypt to the Infitah, or an 'open door' liberal policy. However, despite a number of rounds of privatisation stipulated by the IMF and World Bank Economic Reform and Structural Adjustment Program in the 1990s, that saw over 400 companies privatized, by 2015 there were 52 economic authorities, 102 service authorities, and 146 state-owned enterprises that were affiliated with nine holding companies. 30 Service authorities depend on recapitalization or operate on a subsidized business model. SOEs either are under specific ministries or are companies wholly or majority controlled by the state and operating under the authority of line ministries. These are mainly companies considered “strategic" in sectors such as electricity, aviation, banks, housing, petroleum, agriculture, textile, chemical industry, mining industry, transport, construction, tourism, pharmaceutical, and food processing holdings. In December 2024, Egyptian authorities agreed to accelerate the divestment of state-owned companies to secure a $1.2 billion package from the IMF to improve macroeconomic stability.
The following is a list of key state-owned enterprises in Egypt, and a number of their subsidiaries.

Transportation

Media & communication

Petroleum, chemicals & mining

Contracting & real Estate

Affiliated to the Ministry of Housing

Affiliated to the Ministry of the Public Business Sector

  • Holding Company for Construction and Development
  • * El Nasr Housing and Development
  • * Maadi Co. for Development and Reconstruction
  • * Nasr General Contracting Co.
  • * Misr Concrete Development Co.
  • * High Dam Electrical & Industrial Projects Co.
  • * Societe Egyptienne D’entreprises
  • * The Egyptian Contracting Co.
  • * Heliopolis Co. For Housing and Development '
  • * Al Shams Housing and Urbanization '
  • * Zahraa Maadi Investment and Development - ZMID ''''

Affiliated to other public agencies

  • MIDAR - formerly Mostakbal City for Urban Development
  • Maspero for Urban Development

Financial & insurance

Pharmaceuticals

Affiliated to the Ministry of the Public Business Sector

  • Holding Company for Pharmaceuticals
  • * Arab Drug Co.
  • * Chemical Industries Development Co.
  • * El Nasr pharmaceutical chemicals Co.
  • * Misr Co. for Pharmacutical Products
  • * The Nile Co. for Pharmaceuticals & Chemical Industries
  • * Medical Appliances & Packages Co
  • * Alexandria Co. for Pharmaceutical
  • * Holdipharma For Marketing & Export Co.
  • * Memphis Co. for Pharmaceuticals and Chemical Industries
  • * Kahira for Pharmaceuticals & Chemical Industries Co.

Affiliated to the Ministry of Health">Ministry of Health and Population (Egypt)">Ministry of Health

  • Holding Company for Biological Products and Vaccines - VACSERA

Manufacturing & retail

Ministry of Public Business Sector

The Presidency of the Republic

Ministry of Defense">Ministry of Defense (Egypt)">Ministry of Defense

Utilities

Tourism

  • Holding Company for Tourism and Hotels
  • * Egyptian General Company for Tourism & Hotels
  • * ElMamoura Company for Construction & Tourist Development
  • * Misr Travel Company
  • * Misr Hotels Company