| Common name | Scientific name | Distribution | Description | Photograph |
| Brown snake | Storeria dekayi | eastern Roberts County | 8 - 15 inches in length, greyish-brown to reddish-brown colouration, with light stripe down the center of the back, and dark markings under and/or behind each eye | |
| Bullsnake | Pituophis catenifer | All portions of the state west of the Missouri River, all counties adjacent to the east bank of the Missouri River, and across southeastern and central South Dakota | 36 - 72 inches in length, yellowish colouration | |
| Common garter snake | Thamnophis sirtalis | throughout the state | 15 - 28 inches in length, bright yellow or orange stripe along middle of the back, yellow or orange stripe along each side, with black spots on red colouration also along both sides | |
| Eastern hognose snake | Heterodon platirhinos | extreme southeastern fringe of the state | 20 - 33 inches in length, slightly upturned snout, highly variable in colouration | |
| Western fox snake | Pantherophis ramspotti | far southeastern South Dakota | 36 - 54 inches in length, yellowish to light brown in colouration | |
| Lined snake | Tropidoclonion lineatum | far southeastern South Dakota | 9 - 15 inches in length, grey or brown in colouration | |
| Western milksnake | Lampropeltis gentilis | the western milksnake is found throughout that portion of the state west of the Missouri River, as well as in counties adjacent to the river's east bank | 16 - 28 inches in length, red and orange blotches bordered with black, and separated by yellow or white bands | |
| Eastern milksnake | Lampropeltis triangulum syspila | the eastern milksnake subspecies is found in far southeastern South Dakota | 16 - 28 inches in length, red and orange blotches bordered with black, and separated by yellow or white bands | |
| Plains garter snake | Thamnophis radix | throughout the state | 20 - 28 inches in length, bright yellow or orange stripe along middle of the back, with yellow or orange stripe & alternating row of dark spots along each side, with dark head | |
| Plains hognose snake | Heterodon nasicus | throughout the state | 15 - 25 inches in length, sharply upturned snout, dark blotches along center and sides of body, blackish underside | |
| Prairie rattlesnake | Crotalus viridis | throughout that portion of the state west of the Missouri river, as well as in counties adjacent to the river's east bank | 30 - 45 inches in length, South Dakota's only venomous snake, readily identifiable by rattle segment at the end of the tail, light brown to greenish in colouration, triangular-shaped head with pits located below the midline of each eye & nostril | |
| Racer | Coluber constrictor foxii | throughout that portion of the state west of the Missouri River, as well as in counties adjacent to the river's east bank | 30 - 50 inches in length, adults are blue to greenish in colouration, while juveniles have an ornate blotched, spotted, and speckled pattern | |
| Redbelly snake | Storeria occipitomaculata pahasapae | the Black Hills redbelly snake subspecies is found within the Black Hills of South Dakota | 8 - 11 inches in length, slender body with grey, brown, or reddish-brown colouration, with a white chin, red belly, light spots on neck, and faint light stripe along the back | |
| Redbelly snake | Storeria occipitomaculata occipitomaculata | the northern redbelly snake subspecies is found in extreme eastern South Dakota | 8 - 11 inches in length, slender body with grey, brown, or reddish-brown colouration, with a white chin, red belly, light spots on neck, and faint light stripe along the back | |
| Ringneck snake | Diadophis punctatus | far southeastern South Dakota | 10 - 15 inches in length, dark upper body, a yellow or orange belly, and a bright yellow or yellow-orange ring around the neck | |
| Smooth green snake | Liochlorophis vernalis | non-contiguous regions of far northeastern and far southeastern South Dakota, plus a third pocket in the Black Hills | 14 - 20 inches in length, small and slender, with uniformly green upper body, head, and tail | |
| Wandering garter snake | Thamnophis elegans vagrans | the Black Hills | 18 - 30 inches in length, dull brown to greenish in colouration, yellow or orange mid-dorsal stripe on each side, a brown head and black bars on the lips | |
| Water snake | Nerodia sipedon | southern riverine and wetland areas of Bon Homme County | 24 - 42 inches in length, dark brown to grey in colouration, dark upper bands on front part of body, alternating dark blotches or crossbands on the rear portion of the upper body | |