List of rulers of Parthian sub-kingdoms

The Parthian Empire ruled over an area roughly corresponding to present-day Iran from the third century BC to the third century AD. It contained a varying number of subordinate semi-autonomous kingdoms each with its own ruler.

Lists of rulers

Arsacids of Armenia">Arsacid Dynasty of Armenia">Arsacids of Armenia 12–428 AD

Vonones 12–16
Orodes 16–18
Artaxias III 18–35
Arsaces I 35
Orodes 35
Mithridates I 35–37
Orodes 37–42
Mithridates I 42–52
Rhadamistus 52–54
Tiridates I 54–60
Tigranes VI 60–62
Tiridates I 62–c. 75
Unknown king c. 75–89
Sanatruces I 89–109
Axidares (Ashkhadar) 110–113
Parthamasiris (Partamasir) 113–114
* Roman occupation 114–115
Mithridates II 114–116
Sanatruces II 116
Vologases I from 116
?Achaemenes until 138/144
Sohaemus 138/144–161
Pacorus I 161–164
Sohaemus 164–178
Vologases II 178–197
Unknown king 197–215
Khosrov I 215–216
* Roman occupation 216–217
Tiridates II 217–222
?Khosrov 222–238
?Tiridates 238–253
* Sasanian occupation 253–279
Hormozd-Ardashir 253–270
Narseh 270–293
Artavasdes VI c. 260
Khosrov II 279–287
Tiridates 287–298
Tiridates III 298–330
Pacorus II 330
Khosrov III 330–338
Tigranes VII 338–351
Arsaces II (Arshak II) 351–367
Papas (Pap) 367–374
Varasdates (Varazdat) 374–378
Vologases III 378–386
Arsaces III 378–389
Khosrov IV 386–392
Vramshapuh 392–414
Khosrov IV 414–416
Tigranes VIII 416 co-ruler with Arsaces IV
Arsaces IV 416 co-ruler with Tigranes VIII
Shapur 416–420
Artaxias IV 422–428

Arsacids of Media">Media (region)">Media 144 BC – 232 AD

Vologases 144–122 BC
Arsaces 122–111
Artaxerxes 111–97
Artabanus 97–88
Mithridates 88–67
Darius 67–65
Mithridates 65–55
Orodes 55–50
Pacorus 50–38
?Tiridates c. 30–25
?Mithridates 12–9 BC
?Orodes c. 4–6 AD
Artabanus 9–12 AD
*...
Vonones c. 45–51
Pacorus 51–75 son of Vonones
*...
Arsaces c. 136 AD
?Pacorus to 163 AD
*...
Vologases to 208
*...
Artabanus 213–226
Pacorus from 226 AD son of Artabanus

Arsacids of Caucasian Albania">Arsacid Dynasty of Caucasian Albania">Arsacids of Caucasian Albania 123 BC – c. 490 AD

Arsacids of [Hyrcania] c. 170 BC – c. 230 AD

Arsaces c. 165 BC son of Phraates I
Himerus to 129 BC
Otanes c. 70 BC
Artabanus c. 9–40 AD
Gotarzes 40–51 AD

[Indo-Parthians] c. 20 –c. 240 AD

Indo-Parthian rulers of Sistan (Drangiana)

Source:

Gondophares I Great king of kings, Autocrator
Gondophares II Gadana Orthagnes, brother of Gondophares I
Gondophares III Sases
Gondophares IV Gadana Obouzanes, son of Orthagnes
Sanabares Great King, son of Ubouzanes
Abdagases II King, son of Sanabares
Pacores
? Tiridates, son of Sanabares
? Atursasan, son of Tiridates
Farn-Sasan, son of Atursasan

Indo-Parthian rulers of Arachosia (Kandahar)

Source:

Gondophares I Great king of kings, Autocrator
Sarpedones Basileontos
Gondophares II Gadana Orthagnes Basileontos
Abdagases I, nephew of Gondophares I
Sarpedones Great king of kings, Dikaios, Soter, Nikiphoros
Gondophares III Sases
Sanabares Great King, Soter
Abdagases II King
Pacores

Indo-Parthian rulers of Jammu

Source:

Indo-Parthian rulers of Indus shore (Balochistan)

Source:

Indo-Parthian rulers of Gandhara

Source:

Gondophares I
Abdagases I Basileontos
Abdagases I Great king, king of kings
Gondophares III Sases

Indo-Parthian rulers of Taxila

Source:

Indo-Parthian rulers of North Arachosia (Bagram)

Source:

Gondophares I Great king of kings, Autocrator, Soter
Abdagases I Great king, Soter

Kings of [Merv] & [Abarshahr] c. 10–c. 250 AD

Source:

? cont. with Phraates V
? cont. with Artabanus II
? cont. with Gotarzes II and Vardanes I
D... c. 50 AD
Po... cont. with Vologases I
Sanabares c. 2nd half of the 1st century AD
Pacores c. 100 AD
? cont. with Vologases III and Mithridates IV
? cont. with Vologases III and Mithridates IV
Tiren cont. with Vologases IV
? cont. with Vologases IV
Ardashir c. 200 AD
? 1st half of the 3rd century
? 1st half of the 3rd century
? c. 250 AD

Kings of [Persis] c. 230 BC – c. 210 AD

Source:

Rulers of Hatra">Kingdom of Hatra">Hatra (2nd century BCE – 2nd century CE)

In inscriptions found at Hatra, several rulers are mentioned, while other rulers are sporadically mentioned by classical authors.
They appear with two titles: the earlier rulers are called mry', the later ones mlk -king – see Kingdom of Hatra.

Kings of [Elymais] c. 147 BC – c. 224 AD

Kamnaskires I Soter
Kamnaskires II Nikephoros
Okkonapses, rebel
Tigraios, rebel
Darius Soter, rebel
Pittit, rebel
Kamnaskires III, co-ruler with Anzaze
Anzaze, co-ruler with Kamnaskires III
Kamnaskires IV
Kamnaskires V
Kamnaskires VI
Orodes I
Orodes II, also known as Kamnaskires-Orodes
Phraates
Osroes
Orodes III, co-ruler with Ulfan
Ulfan, co-ruler with Orodes III
Abar-Basi
Orodes IV
Khwasak
Orodes V

Kings of [Characene] c. 170 BC–c. 222 AD

Source:

Hyspaosines c. 127–122/121 BC
Apodakos c. 110/109–104/103 BC
Tiraios I 95/94–90/89 BC
Tiraios II 79/78–49/48 BC
Artabazos 49/48–48/47 BC
Attambelos I 47/46–25/24 BC
Theonesios I c. 19/18 BC
Attambalos II c. 17/16 BC – AD 8/9
Abinergaos I 10/11; 22/23
Orabazes I c. 19
Attambalos III c. 37/38–44/45
Theonesios II c. 46/47
Theonesios III c. 52/53
Attambalos IV 54/55–64/65
Attambalos V 64/65–73/74
Orabazes II c. 73–80
Pakoros (II) 80–101/02 king of Iran
Attambalos VI c. 101/02–105/06
Theonesios IV c. 110/11–112/113
Attambalos VII 113/14–117
Meredates c. 131–150/51 son of Pakoros (II) king of Iran
Orabazes III c. 150/151–165
Abinergaios II c. 165–180
Attambalos VIII c. 180–195
Maga c. 195–210
Abinergaos III c. 210–222

Kings of [Osrhoene] 132 BC–c. 293 AD

Aryu
Abdu bar Maz'ur
Fradhasht bar Gebar'u
Bakru I bar Fradhasht
Bakru II bar Bakru
Ma'nu I
Abgar I Piqa
Abgar II bar Abgar
Ma'nu II
Paqor
Abgar III
Abgar IV Sumaqa
Ma'nu III Saphul
Abgar V Ukkama bar Ma'nu
Ma'nu IV bar Ma'nu
Abgar V Ukkama bar Ma'nu
Ma'nu V bar Abgar
Ma'nu VI bar Abgar
Abgar VI bar Ma'nu
Sanatruk
Abgar VII bar Ezad
* Roman interregnum 116–118
Yalur
Parthamaspates
Ma'nu VII bar Ezad
Ma'nu VIII bar Ma'nu
Wa'il bar Sahru
Ma'nu VIII bar Ma'nu
Abgar VIII
Abgar IX (the great)
Abgar X Severus bar Ma'nu
Abgar Severus Bar Abgar Rabo
Ma’nu Bar Abgar Severus
Abgar Farhat Bar Ma’nu

Kings of [Adiabene] c. 69 BC – c. 310 AD

Kings of Korduene">Corduene">Korduene c. 140 BC – c. 359 AD

Zarbienus; early mid-1st century BC until c. 69 BC. Killed by Tigranes II.
Manisarus; ~ 115 AD: He took control over parts of Armenia and Mesopotamia, in the time of Trajan.
Ardashir; ~ 340s AD: He was against the Christianization of Corduene.
Jovinian ~ 359 AD