List of prime ministers of Brazil
The prime ministers of Brazil, officially called President of the Council of Ministers, were the parliamentarians who, during two periods in the political history of the country, directed the government in a parliamentary system. The first parliamentary experience began with emperor Pedro II in 1847, and was maintained during the last 42 years of the Empire of Brazil. The first de jure officeholder was Manuel Alves Branco, Viscount of Caravelas, who was sworn in on 20 July 1847 after the office was formally created by Decree No. 523. The prime ministers were appointed by the emperor of Brazil. Once chosen, it was up to them to form a cabinet.
The second occasion on which a parliamentary system was put into practice occurred during the government of president João Goulart, in 1961, due to a constitutional amendment approved by his opponents before the beginning of his term. This second parliamentary experience was short-lived, with the presidential system of government restored in a national plebiscite in 1963.
Prime ministers of Brazil
Prime ministers of the Empire of Brazil (1847–1889)
Between 1847 and 1889, the holder of the office was officially called "President of the Council of Ministers", being referred to by the press usually as "President of the Cabinet". According to the Political Constitution of the Empire of Brazil, the head of the Executive Power was the Emperor.The position of President of the Council of Ministers was created by Decree No. 523 of 20 July 1847, and this parliamentary regime was never included in the Imperial Constitution. The ministerial offices that existed from 1840 to 1847 did not have a President of the council. The number of ministers was small by current Brazilian standards: there were six, and in 1860 the seventh ministry was created by Legislative Decree No. 1,067 of 28 July 1860, the Secretary of State for Agriculture, Commerce and Public Works.
The duration of the Cabinet depended on the support it had in the Chamber of Deputies and on the support of the Emperor. If the Chamber of Deputies were incompatible with the Cabinet, it was up to the Emperor to either dissolve the Cabinet or dissolve the Chamber. There were, in all, 32 cabinets with the figure of the President of the Council of Ministers.
Prime ministers of the United States of Brazil (1961–1963)
The second parliamentary experience lasted from 8 September 1961 to 24 January 1963, therefore one year, four months and sixteen exact days, when João Goulart was President of Brazil. After a plebiscite held in January 1963, the presidential regime was reestablished, which remains in the country to the present day.Timeline
Empire of Brazil
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from: 1847 till: 1848 color:libe text:"Manuel Alves Branco"
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from: 1848 till: 1848 color:libe text:"José Carlos Pereira de Almeida Torres (Viscount of Macaé)"
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from: 1853 till: 1856 color:cons text:"Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão (Marquis of Paraná)"
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from: 1856 till: 1857 color:cons
from: 1861 till: 1862 color:cons
from: 1875 till: 1878 color:cons text:"Luís Alves de Lima e Silva (Marquis, later Duke of Caxias)"
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from: 1858 till: 1859 color:cons text:"Antônio Paulino Limpo de Abreu (Viscount of Abaeté)"
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from: 1859 till: 1861 color:cons text:"Ângelo Moniz da Silva Ferraz (Baron of Uruguaiana)"
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from: 1864 till: 1864 color:prog
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from: 1864 till: 1865 color:libe text:"Francisco José Furtado"
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from: 1870 till: 1871 color:cons text:"José Antônio Pimenta Bueno (Viscount of São Vicente)"
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from: 1871 till: 1875 color:cons text:"José Maria da Silva Paranhos (Viscount of Rio Branco)"
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from: 1878 till: 1880 color:libe text:"João Lins Vieira Cansanção de Sinimbu"
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from: 1880 till: 1882 color:libe
from: 1885 till: 1885 color:libe text:"José Antônio Saraiva"
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from: 1882 till: 1882 color:libe text:"Martinho Álvares da Silva Campos"
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from: 1882 till: 1883 color:libe text:"João Lustosa da Cunha Paranaguá (Viscount of Paranaguá)"
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from: 1883 till: 1884 color:libe text:"Lafayette Rodrigues Pereira"
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from: 1884 till: 1885 color:libe text:"Manuel Pinto de Sousa Dantas"
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from: 1885 till: 1888 color:cons text:"João Maurício Wanderley (Baron of Cotejipe)"
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from: 1888 till: 1889 color:cons text:"João Alfredo Correia de Oliveira"
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from: 1889 till: 1889 color:libe text:"Afonso Celso de Assis Figueiredo (Viscount of Ouro Preto)"
Fourth Brazilian Republic
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