| Country | Award | Sponsor | Description |
| Australia | Dorothy Hill Medal | Australian Academy of Science | Research in the Earth sciences by women researchers up to 10 years post PhD |
| United States | F.W. Clarke Medal | Geochemical Society | Early-career scientist for a single outstanding contribution to geochemistry or cosmochemistry |
| United States | Global Challenge Award | University of Vermont, National Science Foundation | Program for pre-college school students to work towards a solution to mitigate global warming and help envision the future of renewable energy |
| United States | GSA Public Service Award | Geological Society of America | Contributions that have materially enhanced the public's understanding of the earth sciences, or significantly served decision makers in the application of scientific and technical information in public affairs and public policy related to the earth sciences. |
| India | Krishnan Medal | Indian Geophysical Union | Outstanding geophysicist/geologist whose age does not exceed 40 years |
| United States | Leidy Award | Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University | Excellence in publications, explorations, discoveries or research in the natural sciences |
| United States | Meinzer Award | Geological Society of America | Publication or body of publications that have significantly advanced the science of hydrogeology or a closely related field |
| Chile | National Prize for Natural Sciences | National Prize for Sciences | Natural sciences |
| United States | Nemmers Prize in Earth Sciences | Northwestern University | Contributions of lasting significance to the field of earth sciences |
| United States | Roger Revelle Prize | Scripps Institution of Oceanography | Outstanding contributions that advance or promote scientific research in fields such as oceanography, climatology and other planetary sciences |
| United Kingdom | Seligman Crystal | International Glaciological Society | Outstanding scientific contribution to glaciology so that the subject is now enriched |
| Country | Award | Sponsor | Description |
| Netherlands | Buys Ballot Medal | Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences | Individual who has made significant contributions to meteorology |
| United States | Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal | American Meteorological Society | Individual atmospheric scientists |
| United States | Fawbush-Miller Award | United States Air Force | Most outstanding operational weather squadron for the entire Air Force |
| Russia | Friedmann Prize | Russian Academy of Sciences | Outstanding work in cosmology and gravity |
| Switzerland | International Meteorological Organization Prize | World Meteorological Organization | Outstanding contributions in the field of meteorology and, since 1971, the field of operational hydrology |
| United States | Jule G. Charney Award | American Meteorological Society | Highly significant research or development achievement in the atmospheric or hydrologic sciences |
| United States | National Collegiate Weather Forecasting Contest | Pennsylvania State University | Weather forecasting competition among colleges in North America. Replaced by the WxChallenge |
| Canada | Patterson Medal | Meteorological Service of Canada | Residents of Canada for services rendered to meteorology |
| Germany | Reinhard Süring Medal | German Meteorological Society | Outstanding scientific and organizational contributions to the objectives of the DMG |
| United States | Sverdrup Gold Medal | American Meteorological Society | Outstanding contributions to the scientific knowledge of interactions between the oceans and the atmosphere |
| United Kingdom | Symons Gold Medal | Royal Meteorological Society | Distinguished work in the field of meteorological science |
| Europe | Vilhelm Bjerknes Medal | European Geosciences Union | Distinguished research in atmospheric sciences |
| United Kingdom | William Gaskell Medal | Royal Meteorological Society | Scientist who has distinguished himself in the field of experimental meteorology |
| United States | WxChallenge | University of Oklahoma | Weather forecasting competition among colleges in North America |
| Country | Award | Sponsor | Description |
| A.C. Redfield Lifetime Achievement Award | Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography | Major, long-term, achievements in limnology and oceanography |
| United States | Alexander Agassiz Medal | National Academy of Sciences | Original contribution in the science of oceanography |
| United States | B H Ketchum Award | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution | Innovative coastal/nearshore research |
| United States | Bigelow Medal | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution | Oceanography |
| G. Evelyn Hutchinson Award | Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography | Mid-career scientist for excellence in any aspect of limnology or oceanography |
| United States | Hans Hass Award | Historical Diving Society | Recognition of contribution made to the advancement of our knowledge of the ocean |
| United States | Jerlov Award | The Oceanography Society | Contribution made to the advancement of our knowledge of the nature and consequences of light in the ocean |
| United States | Henry Stommel Research Award | American Meteorological Society | Outstanding contributions to the advancement of the understanding of the dynamics and physics of the ocean |
| United States | Mary Sears Women Pioneers in Oceanography | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution | Lifetime achievement and impact |
| United States | Walter Munk Medal | The Oceanography Society | Distinguished research in oceanography related to sound and the sea |
| Yentsch-Schindler Award | Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography | Outstanding contributions by an early career scientist to aquatic sciences |
| Country | Award | Sponsor | Description |
| United States | Charles Schuchert Award | Paleontological Society | Person under 40 whose work reflects excellence and promise in the science of paleontology |
| United Kingdom | Lapworth Medal | Palaeontological Association | Those who have made a significant contribution to the science by means of a substantial body of research |
| United States | Leidy Award | Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University | Excellence in publications, explorations, discoveries or research in the natural sciences |
| United States | Paleontological Society Medal | Paleontological Society | Person whose eminence is based on advancement of knowledge in paleontology |
| United Kingdom | Palaeontographical Society Medal | Palaeontographical Society | Sustained and important series of contributions to the taxonomic and systematic palaeontology of Great Britain and Ireland, especially those which address problems of palaeogeography, palaeoecology and phylogeny |
| United States | Raymond C. Moore Medal | Society for Sedimentary Geology | Persons who have made significant contributions in the field which have promoted the science of stratigraphy by research in paleontology and evolution and the use of fossils for interpretations of paleoecology |
| United States | Romer-Simpson Medal | Society of Vertebrate Paleontology | Sustained and outstanding scholarly excellence and service to the discipline of vertebrate paleontology |
| United States | Charles Doolittle Walcott Medal | National Academy of Sciences | Individual achievement in advancing knowledge of Cambrian or Precambrian life and its history |