List of hybrid vehicles
This is a list of hybrid vehicles. A hybrid could theoretically have any two power sources, but hybrid vehicles have typically combined an internal combustion engine with a battery and electric motor.
This list includes both regular hybrid electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids, in chronological order of first production. Since Porsche made the first hybrid car in 1899 there have been a number of hybrid vehicles; but there was a marked increase in interest in, and development of, hybrid vehicles for personal transport in the late 1990s.
Automobiles
Early designs: 1899–1917
- 1899: Carmaker Pieper of Belgium introduced a vehicle with an under-seat electric motor and a gasoline engine. It used the internal combustion engine to charge its batteries at cruise speed and used both motors to accelerate or climb a hill. Auto-Mixte, also of Belgium, built vehicles from 1906 to 1912 under the Pieper patents.
- 1900: Ferdinand Porsche, then a young engineer at Jacob Lohner & Co. creates the first gasoline–electric hybrid vehicles.
- 1901: Jacob Lohner & Co. produces the first Lohner–Porsche, a series of gasoline–electric hybrid vehicles based on employee Ferdinand Porsche's novel drivetrain. These vehicles had a driveline that was either gas or electric, but not both at the same time.
- 1905 or sooner: Fischer Motor Vehicle Co., Hoboken, NJ produces and sells a petrol–electric omnibus in the United States and in London, including battery storage.
- 1907: AL
- 1917: Woods Dual Power Car had a driveline similar to the current GMC/Chevrolet Silverado hybrid pickup truck.
Concepts
- 1989: Audi Duo, first Audi hybrid based on the Audi C3 100 Avant
- 1991: Audi Duo II
- 2008: Chrysler Town and Country Plug-in hybrid, part of Fiat Chrysler group called ENVI to make hybrid and electric cars
- 2008: Jeep Wrangler Plug-in hybrid, part of Fiat Chrysler group called ENVI to make hybrid and electric cars
- 2009: Jeep Patriot Plug-in hybrid, part of Fiat Chrysler group called ENVI to make hybrid and electric cars
- 2009: Chrysler 200C Plug-in hybrid, part of Fiat Chrysler group called ENVI to make hybrid and electric cars
- 2010: Ram 1500 Plug-in hybrid
Buses
Date unknown
- Castrosua Tempus
- Irisbus Hynobis
- MAN Lion's City Hybrid:
- * Italy: Trento
- * Portugal: Lisboa and Oporto.
- * Spain:Barcelona, Cádiz, Madrid, Málaga, Murcia, San Sebastián, Sevilla and Valladolid
- Mercedes Benz/Orion VII Hybrid
- North American Bus Industries 60-BRT Hybrid
- Scania OmniLink, ethanol–electric hybrid buses,
- Solaris:
- * Germany: Dresden, Glonn, Hannover, Leipzig and Munich)
- * Poland: Sosnowiec and Poznań
- * Spain: Madrid
- * Switzerland: Lenzburg
- Tecnobus Gulliver, sold by Hispano Carrocera
- Volvo 7700
- Chery A3
- Chang’an Zhi-xiang
- Belkommunmash AKSM-4202K