List of human spaceflights


This is a list of all crewed spaceflights throughout history. Beginning in 1961 with the flight of Yuri Gagarin aboard Vostok 1, crewed spaceflight occurs when a human crew flies a spacecraft into outer space. Human spaceflight is distinguished from spaceflight generally, which entails both crewed and uncrewed spacecraft.
There are two definitions of spaceflight. The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, an international record-keeping body, defines the boundary between Earth's atmosphere and outer space at above sea level. This boundary is known as the Kármán line. The United States awards astronaut wings to qualified personnel who pilot a spaceflight above an altitude of.
As of the launch of Blue Origin NS-38 on 23 January 2026, there have been 411 human spaceflight launches.
  • Three of these were launched without crew but returned crew to Earth after damage to the crew's launch vehicle. These were Soyuz 34, Soyuz MS-23 and Shenzhou 22.
  • Two missions did not cross either the Kármán line or the U.S. definition of space and therefore do not qualify as spaceflights. These were the fatal STS-51-L, and the non-fatal aborted Soyuz mission T-10a.
  • Two non-fatal aborted missions crossed either the Kármán line or the U.S. definition of space. One was the Soyuz mission MS-10, which did not reach the Kármán line but did pass the 80 km line. The other was the Soyuz mission 18a, which crossed the Kármán line.
  • Four missions successfully achieved human spaceflight, yet ended as fatal failures as their crews died during the return. These were Soyuz 1, X-15 flight 191, Soyuz 11, and STS-107.
  • Twenty two flights in total reached an apogee beyond, but failed to go beyond, so therefore do not qualify as spaceflights under the FAI definition.

Summary

Since 1961, three countries and one former country have conducted human spaceflight using seventeen different spacecraft series, or: "programs", "projects".

Human spaceflights

The Salyut series, Skylab, Mir, ISS, and Tiangong series space stations, with which many of these flights docked in orbit, are not listed separately here. See the detailed lists for information.