List of historical separatist movements in Europe

Criteria

1. They are no longer an active movement with active members.
2. They are demanded greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region.
3. They were citizens/people of the conflict area and did not come from another country.

• Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state.
• Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession.
• * De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region.
• * Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control.
• * Political party : for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession.
• * Militant organization: for armed organizations.
• * Advocacy group: for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities.
• * Ethnic/ethno-religious/racial/regional/religious group.

List

Albania

• League of Prizren
• Northern Epirus

Belgium

• * Flemish
• ** Vlaams Belang, New Flemish Alliance
• ** Sociaal-Liberale Partij member of the European Free Alliance

Bulgaria

Czech Republic

Finland

• * Political movement: Åland movement

France

• * Political parties: Basque Nationalist Party, Basque Unity
• * Rebel organization: Basque homeland and Freedom (ETA)
• * Political parties: Corsica Nazione, Partitu di a Nazione Corsa
• * Political parties: Union Démocratique Bretonne, Breton Party
• * Rebel organization: Breton Revolutionary Army, Liberation Front of Brittany
• * Political parties : Alsace d'abord *

Germany

• Lower Saxony
• Alemannic Separatism
• Bavarian Soviet Republic
• Saarland
• * Political parties: Christian People's Party of Saarland, Social Democratic Party of Saarland
• * Goals: De facto independence of Saarland under status of a European territory, acceptance of the Saar statute

Greece

• Aromanians
• * Samarina Republic, Principality of the Pindus

Ireland

• Home Rule League
• Irish National League
• Irish Parliamentary Party
• Irish Republican Brotherhood
• Provisional Government of the Irish Republic
• Sinn Féin
• Society of United Irishmen
• United Irish League
• Young Ireland

Italy

North Macedonia

• Ethnic group: Albanians
• Political parties: N/A
• Goals: Unification of Albanian-inhabited areas in western Macedonia with a proposed seventh Yugoslav republic Kosovo, autonomy or independence of Albanian-inhabited regions in western Macedonia
• Events: Unofficial 1992 autonomy referendum, with 90 percent of Albanians voting and more than 99 percent being in favor
• Timespan: 1980s-1990s

• Ethnic group: Serbs
• Political parties: Democratic Party of Serbs in Macedonia, Radical Party of the Serbs in Macedonia
• Goals: Autonomy
• Timespan: 1992

Ottoman Empire

• * Organization: Filiki EteriaEthnic group: Serbs
• * Organization: Serbian rebelsEthnic group: Bulgarians
• * Organization: Bulgarian revolutionaries, Opalchentsi

Poland

• Narodowa Demokracja
• Towarzystwo Demokratyczne Polskie
• Union of Upper Silesians
• Silesian People's Party

Russian Empire

• Armenian National Council

• Azerbaijani National Council

• Bashkir Regional Bureau
• Millät Mäclese

• Belarusian National Council

• Qurultay of the Crimean Tatar People

• Krug for the Salvation of the Don

• Estonian Provisional Government

• Parliament of Finland
• White Guard

• Social Democratic Party of Georgia

• Collegium for the implementation of the Idel-Ural State

• Provisional Committee of Northern Ingria

• Union of White Sea Karelians

• Kuban Military Council
• Kuban Rada

• People's Council of Latvia

• Council of Lithuania

• Sfatul Țării

• Union of the Peoples of the Northern Caucasus
• Executive Committee

• Regency Council
• Polish political parties

• Transcaucasian Commissariat

• Central Council of Ukraine
• General Secretariat of Ukraine

Slovakia

Soviet Union

• Azerbaijani Popular Front Party
• Belarusian People's Front
• Rahvarinne
• Popular Front of Latvia, Latvian National Independence Movement
• Sąjūdis
• Moldovan Popular Front
• People's Movement of Ukraine
• Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists
• Ukrainian Insurgent Army

Spain

• Basque Country
• * Political parties: Aralar Party, Basque Nationalist Party, Batasuna, Eusko Abertzale Ekintza, Eusko Alkartasuna, Nafarroa Bai
• * Rebel organizations: Basque homeland and Freedom (ETA), SEGI
• * Political parties: Convergence and Union, Republican Left of Catalonia, Catalan State, Popular Unity Candidacy, Democrats of Catalonia, Left Movement, Catalan Solidarity for Independence, Reagrupament, National Front of Catalonia
• * Rebel organizations: Terra Lliure, Exèrcit Popular Català
• * Organizations: Assemblea Nacional Catalana, Òmnium Cultural
• * Labour unions: Intersindical-CSC, Coordinadora Obrera Sindical
• * Political Parties: Galician Nationalist Bloc, Nós-Unidade Popular
• * Political parties: Bloque por Asturies, Unidá Nacionalista Asturiana, Andecha Astur
• * Rebel organization: Andecha Obrera
• * Political party: Congreso Nacional de Canarias, Frepic-Awañak, Unión del Pueblo Canario
• * Organizations: MPAIAC
• * Armed groups: Fuerzas Armadas Guanches

Sweden

• Fennia
• * Ethnic Groups: Forest Finns, Tornedalians
• * Location: Värmland, Dalarna
• * Political movement: Forest Finn Autonomism/Nationalism

United Kingdom

• : New Cornish Tertia army, An Gof, Cornish Solidarity
• : Vectis National Party
• : Irish Republican Brotherhood, Clan na Gael, Young Ireland, Home Rule League, Irish Socialist Republican Party, Irish Parliamentary Party, All-for-Ireland League, Nationalist Party (Northern Ireland), Irish Independence Party
• : Scottish National Liberation Army
• : Cymru Fydd, Cymru Goch, Welsh Socialist Alliance, Welsh Republican Movement

Isle of Man

• : Fo Halloo, Manx National Party

Yugoslavia

• Croatia
• Ethnic group: Croats
• Political parties: Croatian Democratic Union, Croatian Party of Rights, Croatian Peasant Party
• Armed organizations: Croatian National Guard
• Events: Croatian Spring, War in Croatia
• Goals: Independence

• Ethnic group: Albanians in Kosovo
• Political parties: Democratic League of Kosovo, Alliance for the Future of Kosovo, Democratic Party of Kosovo, National Movement for the Liberation of Kosovo, The People's Movement for Kosovo
• Armed organizations: Kosovo Liberation Army, Armed Forces of the Republic of Kosovo
• Events: Insurgency in Kosovo (1993–98), Kosovo War
• Goals: Larger autonomy ; Independence

• Ethnic group: Albanians in southern Serbia
• Events: Insurgency in the Preševo Valley