List of ecoregions in Europe


The continent of Europe comprises a large part of the Palearctic ecozone, with many unique biomes and ecoregions. Biogeographically, Europe is tied closely to Siberia, commonly known as the Euro-Siberian region.
The European Environmental Agency divides Europe into a total of eleven terrestrial biogeographical regions and seven regional seas. The agency has issued the Digital Map of European Ecological Regions, and operates with a total of 70 ecoregions, of which 58 are within the European continent. Some of these ecoregions are congruent with the World Wildlife Fund's ecoregions, and some are not.

List of ecoregions in Europe

Below is an exhaustive list of the ecoregions of Europe as defined by the WWF.

[Temperate [broadleaf and mixed forests]]

WWF IDEcoregion CountryMapPhoto
PA0401Apennine deciduous montane forestsItaly
PA0402Atlantic mixed forestsBelgium, Denmark, France, Netherlands, Germany
PA0403Azores temperate mixed forestsPortugal
PA0404Balkan mixed forestsBosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Turkey
PA0405Baltic mixed forestsDenmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden
PA0406Cantabrian mixed forestsSpain, France, Portugal
PA0408Caucasus mixed forestsArmenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, and Turkey
PA0409Celtic broadleaf forestsIreland, United Kingdom
PA0412Central European mixed forestsAustria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Germany, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine
PA0416Crimean Submediterranean forest complexRussia, Ukraine
PA0418Dinaric Mountains mixed forestsAlbania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia
PA0419East European forest steppeBulgaria, Moldova, Romania, Ukraine, Russia
PA0421English Lowlands beech forestsUnited Kingdom
PA0422Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forestsBulgaria, Georgia, Turkey
PA0429North Atlantic moist mixed forestsIreland, United Kingdom, Denmark
PA0431Pannonian mixed forestsAustria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine
PA0432Po Basin mixed forestsItaly, Switzerland
PA0433Pyrenees conifer and mixed forestsAndorra, France, Spain
PA0435Rodope montane mixed forestsBulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia, Serbia
PA0436Sarmatic mixed forestsBelarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Russia, Sweden
PA0445Western European broadleaf forestsAustria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Luxembourg. Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland

[Temperate coniferous forests]

WWF IDEcoregion CountryMapPhoto
PA0501Alps conifer and mixed forestsItaly, France, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Slovenia
PA0503Caledonian conifer ForestUnited Kingdom
PA0504Carpathian montane conifer forestsCzech Republic, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine
PA0520Scandinavian coastal conifer forestsNorway

[Taiga and Boreal forests]

WWF IDEcoregion CountryMapPhoto
PA0602Iceland boreal birch forests and alpine tundraIceland
PA0608Scandinavian and Russian taigaNorway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia
PA0610Ural montane forests and tundraRussia

[Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands]

WWF IDEcoregion CountryMapPhoto
PA0807Faroe Islands boreal grasslandsFaroe Islands, Denmark
PA0814Pontic steppeBulgaria, Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, and Russia

[Tundra]

WWF IDEcoregion CountryMapPhoto
PA1101Arctic desertNorway and Russia
PA1106Kola Peninsula tundraNorway and Russia
PA1108Northwest Russian-Novaya Zemlya tundraRussia
PA1110Scandinavian montane birch forest and grasslandsNorway, Sweden, and Finland

[Mediterranean forests, [woodlands, and scrub]]

WWF IDEcoregion CountryMapPhoto
PA1201Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forestsGreece, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, and Turkey
PA1204Corsican montane broadleaf and mixed forestsFrance
PA1205Crete Mediterranean forestsGreece
PA1208Iberian conifer forestsSpain
PA1209Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forestsSpain, Portugal
PA1210Illyrian deciduous forestsAlbania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Montenegro, Slovenia
PA1211Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forestsItaly
PA1215Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forestsFrance, Spain
PA1216Northwest Iberian montane forestsPortugal, Spain
PA1217Pindus Mountains mixed forestsGreece, North Macedonia, and Albania
PA1218South Apennine mixed montane forestsItaly
PA1219Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlandsSpain
PA1221Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forestsPortugal, Spain
PA1222Tyrrhenian–Adriatic sclerophyllous and mixed forestsItaly, France and Malta

[Deserts and Xeric Shrublands]

WWF IDEcoregion CountryMapPhoto
PA1308Caspian lowland desertRussia and Kazachstan

Global 200 ecoregions in Europe

Terrestrial

Terrestrial Global 200 ecoregions in Europe comprise three regions of Scandia alpine tundra and taiga, which is present in Finland, Norway, Russia and Sweden:
Other Global 200 ecoregions:

Freshwater

Global 200 Large river delta ecoregions in Europe:
Small river ecoregions:
  • Balkan rivers and streams

Marine

There are no marine Global 200 ecoregions in Europe.