List of countries by population in 1700
This is a list of countries by population in 1700. Estimated numbers are from the beginning of the year and exact population figures are for countries that held a census on various dates in the 1700s. The bulk of these numbers are sourced from Alexander V. Avakov's Two Thousand Years of Economic Statistics, Volume 1, pages 18 to 20, which cover population figures from the year 1700 divided into modern borders. Avakov, in turn, cites a variety of sources, primarily Angus Maddison.
| Country/Territory | Population estimate | Percentage of World Population |
| World | 682,300,000 | – |
| Mughal Empire | 158,400,000 | |
| Qing Empire | 100,000,000–150,000,000 | |
| Ottoman Empire Ottoman Egypt – 5,400,000 bulleted list |