| Title | Start | End | Libretto | Notes |
| The Tsar's Bride | 1867 | 1868 | | sketches, lost |
| Bogatyri | 1878 | | Viktor Krylov | Opera farce in 5 Scenes, based on music by Rossini, Meyerbeer, Offenbach, Serov, Verdi, etc., orchestrated by E. Merten |
| Prince Igor | 1869 | 1887 | Borodin, after "The Lay of Prince Igor" | Unfinished opera with a prologue and 4 acts. Orch. Rimsky-Korsakov and Glazunov 1887/88. First performance, St. Petersburg 1890. Includes the Polovtsian Dances |
| Mlada, Act 4 | 1872 | 1872 | Viktor Krylov | Part of unperformed collaborative ballet-opera-spectacle by Cui, Mussorgsky and Rimsky-Korsakov, and Borodin, with ballet music by Minkus. Borodin used material from his unfinished Prince Igor as the basis for Act 4. Finale orchestrated by Rimsky-Korsakov as a concert piece |
| Title | Start | End | Notes |
| Piano Trio | 1850 | 1860 | 3 movements only, last movement is lost |
| Quartet for flute, oboe, viola, and cello | 1852 | 1856 | based on music by Joseph Haydn |
| String Trio in G major for 2 violins and cello | 1852 ? | 1856 ? | only first 2 movements completed |
| String Trio in G minor for 2 violins and cello | 1855 | 1855 | One movement only. Based on the Russian folk-song "Чем тебя я огорчила" "What did I do to upset you" |
| String Quintet in F minor for 2 violins, viola and 2 cellos | 1859 | 1860 | coda of finale completed by O.A. Yevlachov |
| String Sextet in D minor | 1860 | 1861 | only two movements survive |
| Sonata in B minor for cello and piano | 1860 | 1860 | Based on the Fugue from J. S. Bach's Violin Sonata no. 1 in G minor BWV 1001 |
| Piano Trio in D major | 1860 | 1861 | for violin, cello and piano |
| Piano Quintet in C minor | 1862 | 1862 | for string quartet and piano |
| String Quartet No. 1 in A | 1874 | 1879 | |
| String Quartet No. 2 in D | 1881 | 1881 | |
| Scherzo for String Quartet | 1882 | 1882 | from Mitrofan Belyayev's collection "Fridays". Also used by Glazunov in his completion of Borodin's 3rd Symphony |
| Serenata alla spagnola for String Quartet | 1886 | 1886 | From the collective quartet "B-La-F" with Rimsky-Korsakov, Glazunov and Lyadov |
| Title | Hands | Start | End | Notes |
| Petite Suite | 2 | c1870 | 1885 | 1. At the Convent 2. Intermezzo 3. Mazurka I 4. Mazurka II 5. Rêverie 6. Serénade 7. Nocturne. Orchestrated by Glazunov, including the A-flat Scherzo as part of the last movement |
| Scherzo in A-flat | 2 | 1885 | | Arr. 4 hands by Théodore Jadoul, the dedicatee. Included in the last movement of Glazunov's orchestration of the Petite Suite. |
| Paraphrases on Chopsticks | 3 | 1874 | 1878 | Polka, Funeral March, Requiem and Mazurka; in a collection of pieces by Borodin, Cui, Lyadov and Rimsky-Korsakov. 2nd edition includes pieces by Liszt and Nikolai Shcherbachov |
| Hélène-Polka in D minor | 4 | 1843 | 1861 | written in 1843 when the composer was 9 years old, revised and transcribed for 4 hands by the composer in 1861. |
| Allegretto in D-flat | 4 | 1861 | | Arrangement of the 3rd movement of the String Quintet |
| Scherzo in E major | 4 | 1861 | | |
| Tarantella in D major | 4 | 1862 | | |
| Title | Russian | Transliteration | Original Text | Start | End | Notes |
| Why did you grow pale early | Что ты рано, зоренька | Shto ty rano, zaren'ka | Sergey Solovyov | 1852 | 1855 | |
| The beautiful girl does not love me | Разлюбила красна девица | Razlyubila krasna devitsa | A. Vinogradov | 1853 | 1855 | for voice, cello and piano |
| Listen to my song, my friends | Слушайте, подруженьки, песенку мою | Slushaite, podruzhen'ki, pesenku moyu | Iven Kruse | 1853 | 1855 | for voice, cello and piano |
| Thou lovely fisher-girl | Красавица рыбачка! | Krasavitsa rybachka | Heinrich Heine | 1854 | 1855 | for voice, cello and piano. Ger. original: "Du schönes Fischermädchen" |
| The Sleeping Princess | Спящая княжна | Spyashchaya knyazhna | Borodin | 1867 | 1867 | also orch. Rimsky-Korsakov |
| My songs are full of poison | Отравой полны мои песни | Otravoy polny moyi pyesni | Heine | 1868 | 1868 | Ger. original "Vergiftet sind meine Lieder" |
| The Sea Princess | Морская царевна | Morskaya Tsar'yevna | Borodin | 1868 | 1868 | |
| Song of the Dark Woods | Песня темного леса | Pesnya tyomnovo lesa | Borodin | 1868 | 1868 | also arr. Glazunov for two-part male chorus and orch. |
| The False Note | Фальшивая нота | Fal'shivaya nota | Borodin | 1868 | 1868 | |
| The Sea | Mope | Mor'ye | Borodin | 1870 | 1870 | orch. by the composer and also by Rimsky-Korsakov |
| From my tears | Из слез моих | Iz slyoz moyikh | Heine | 1870 | 1870 | Ger. original: "Aus meinen Tränen" |
| For the shores of your far homeland | Для берегов отчизны дальной | Dlya beregov otchizny dal'noy | Pushkin | 1881 | 1881 | Published 1888. Also orchestrated by Glazunov |
| To the people at home | У людей-то в дому | U lyudey-to v domu | Nekrasov | 1881 | 1881 | |
| Arabian melody | Арабская мелодия | Arabskaya Melodiya | Borodin | 1881 | 1881 | |
| Pride | Спесь | Spjes' | A. K. Tolstoy | 1884 | 1885 | |
| The Magic Garden | Чудный сад | Chudnyy sad | Georges Collin | 1885 | 1885 | Fr. original "Septain" |