List of basic income models
A basic income is a form of social security in which a population group receives a regular sum of money, either from a government or from some other public institution, independent of any other income. This is a list of alternates to universal basic income that intends to give all citizens of a population an unconditional sum of money, which have been implemented or proposed.
| Name | Description | Spokespersons | Tested in | Books | Films/articles/interviews |
| Universal basic income, also known by many other names | Periodic cash payment unconditionally delivered to all on an individual basis, without means-test or work requirement. | Philippe Van Parijs, Karl Widerquist, Guy Standing | US and Canada ; the Iranian basic income is somewhat between a partial and a full basic income. | Independence, Propertylessness, and Basic Income, Real Freedom for All, Public Economics in Action: the Basic Income/Flat Tax proposal, Basic Income: A Radical Proposal for a Free Society and a Sane Economy | ,, . |
| Universal Data Wages | Recurring wages earned by empowering individuals to become data producers through institutions like a Community Data Bank. | Manish Bhan | USA | ||
| Negative income tax | Similar to a basic income but means test so that the grant gradually phases out as income increases. | Milton Friedman, Juliet Rhys-Williams, Daron Acemoglu | Capitalism and Freedom, Free to Choose | ,,, | |
| Wage subsidy, sometimes known as participation income | Scope limited to people in work. | A. C. Pigou, Edmund Phelps, Tony Atkinson | Inequality | ||
| Partial basic income | Any basic income set at a level that is less than enough to meet a person's basic needs. | Alaska | |||
| Citizen's dividend | Dependent on land value tax values from land and rents | Henry George, Thomas Paine | Alaska | Agrarian Justice, Progress and Poverty | |
| Universal dividend | Dependent on a portion of production, proxied by a fixed and flat tax on personal income and corporate net profits, distributed flat as a non-taxed benefit among all residents or citizens over a certain age. | John Moser | |||
| Basic income for households | In the form of BI or NIT. For Working people with children. | Edward Heath | United Kingdom From 1970 to 1986 | ||
| Basic income + negative income tax | A combination of BI and NIT. | Hermonie Parker investigated several versions in Instead of the Dole | Instead of the Dole | ||
| $8000 UBI, $4000, $4000 Carbon tax dividend. | For those under 65. Seniors system unchanged. | Pascal J - naturalfinance.net in Canadian context. | - | ||
| Basic income and social insurance | Andreas Bergh | ||||
| Stake holding grants | A large one-time grant, usually received when the individual reaches maturity. | Thomas Paine, Bruce Ackerman, Anne Alstott | The Stakeholder Society, | ||
| European/regional basic income | Basic income for a region, for example Europe. | Van Parijs, Steve Quilley, Phillippe C. Schmitter m.fl. | , | ||
| Conditional cash transfers | Not a guarantee because conditions exist, but conditions are easily fulfilled. | Michael Bloomberg | New York City From 2007 to 2010 Brazil | ||
| Basic income for special regions | Philippe Van Parijs | ||||
| Basic income for food | FIAN | ||||
| Global basic income | Global Basic Income Foundation, Myron J. Frankman m.fl., World Basic Income | ||||
| Local basic income | For a village, city, district, province, etc. | Karl Widerquist | Otjivero, 2 villages in China, GiveDirectly project in Kenya, Alaska's Permanent Fund Dividend, Native American Casino Dividends | Alaska's Permanent Fund Dividend, Exporting the Alaska Model | |
| Social credit | Social credit movement, C.H. Douglas | ||||
| Basic income + flat tax | Equal tax rate. | M. Friedman, Tony Atkinson | |||
| Basic income + VAT | Basic income financed by tax on consumption. | Vivant | |||
| Basic income + demurrage | A self stabilizing money supply that is resistant to inflation and deflation. | Omar Syed, Aamir Syed | |||
| Basic income justified by equal rights to natural resources | Karl Widerquist, Jay Hammond, Peter Barnes | Alaska, Iran | Independence, Propertylessness, and Basic Income, Capitalism 3.0 | ||
| Social dividend | Based on publicly owned enterprises, see market socialism. | James Meade, Oskar Lange, Abba Lerner, John Roemer, James Yunker | |||
| Basic income instead of subventions | Iran | ||||
| Carbon fee and dividend | Basic income funded by a carbon tax. | Citizens' Climate Lobby | British Columbia | ||
| Basic income to disaster regions | , | ||||
| Basic income in the form of energy credits | |||||
| Basic income startup | "Lifetime Basic Income" | Marcus Brancaglione, Bruna Pereira | Brazil Quatinga Velho | Lessons from the Practice of Basic Income, Basic Income Startup | BRAZIL: Basic Income Startup gives "lifetime basic incomes" to villagers, NGO founds collaborative "projects network" |
| Basic income + monetary reform + land value tax | James Robertson, Herman Daly | ||||
| Universal right to capital income | "Legislation requiring that a percentage of capital stock from every initial public offering be channeled into a Commons Capital Depository, with the associated dividends funding a universal basic dividend ", which would be entirely independent of welfare payments and unemployment insurance. | Yanis Varoufakis | |||
| Three Pillars | National Dividend - a payment to all citizen-residents, paid for by a tax on the commons National Income Supplement - distributing all income taxes back to income earners, which would allow all income brackets to benefit from each other's success, and amplify their earnings. Assisted Savings Program - mandatory long-term savings/investment, and distributing all capital gains taxes to ASP accounts, ensuring savers benefit from each other's success, and amplify their savings. Returning tax revenues to citizens through these programs is enabled by a shift to a form of Land Value Tax for general revenues. The Three Pillars would also replace the minimum wage and state-run pensions. | The New School of Economics |