List of World War II aces from Germany


This is a list of fighter aces in World War II from Germany. A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat. It is relatively certain that 2,500 German fighter pilots attained ace status, having achieved at least five aerial victories.
German day and night fighter pilots claimed roughly 70,000 aerial victories during World War II, over 25,000 British or American and over 45,000 Soviet aircraft. 103 German fighter pilots each shot down 100 or more enemy aircraft, for a total of approximately 15,400 victories. Approximately 360 German fighter pilots shot down from 40 to 99 enemy aircraft for a total of approximately 21,000 victories.
Approximately 500 German fighter pilots shot down from 20 to 39 enemy aircraft for a total of approximately 15,000 victories. These achievements were honored with 453 German day fighter pilots and Zerstörer fighter pilots and 85 German night fighter pilots, for a total of 538 German fighter pilots, receiving the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.
German losses were very high as well. Roughly 12,000 German day fighter pilots were killed or are still missing in action, with a further 6,000 being wounded. The Zerstörer pilots suffered about 2,800 casualties, either killed or missing in action, plus another 900 wounded in action. German night fighter losses were also high, in the magnitude of 3,800 pilots or crew members killed or missing and 1,400 wounded. Hans-Ulrich Rudel was the most decorated flying ace in the Luftwaffe, primarily as a ground-attack bomber pilot with over 800 vehicles destroyed in addition to his victories over opposing aircraft.

Background

There are a number of reasons why Germany's highest-scoring pilots shot down many more aircraft than the most successful Allied pilots. During the first years of the war, German day fighter pilots tended to enjoy favourable tactical circumstances; for instance, during the Battle of Britain British pilots generally tried to attack the German bombers rather than the fighters protecting them. German combat tactics during this period also tended to be superior to those of the Allies, with formation leaders in particular often having a higher chance of success.
Formal and informal Luftwaffe practices also contributed to the high numbers of victories achieved by some pilots. The normal practice in fighter units was for the highest-scoring pilot to lead formations, regardless of their rank, which placed them in the best position to shoot down Allied aircraft. The German pilots also typically conducted much more combat flying than their Allied equivalents: while the western Allied air forces frequently rested their fighter pilots or rotated them out of combat zones after a certain number of missions or flying hours, German pilots were required to fly until they became casualties.

Accuracy of claims

In the 1990s, the German archives made available to the public, including microfilm rolls of wartime records not seen since January 1945.
They show that although the Luftwaffe generally did not accept a "kill" without a witness, some pilots habitually submitted unwitnessed claims and these sometimes made it through the verification process, particularly if they were made by pilots with established records.
Unlike all of the other air forces that fought during World War II, the Luftwaffe did not accept shared claims, but sometimes it happened. Each claim should have referred to a particular aircraft, but some victories were awarded to other pilots who had claimed the destruction of the same aircraft.
From mid 1943 to 1944, the OKW communiques often overstated Allied bomber losses by a factor of up to two. These claims existed only in the communiques and weren't used in victory scoring.
Defenders of the German fighter pilots maintain that overclaims were eliminated during the confirmation process, but the microfilms show that this wasn't always the case.
Stringent reviews and comparisons of Allied archives and German archives show that 90 percent of the claims submitted were confirmed, or found to be "in order" for confirmation, up to the time the system broke down altogether in 1945.

Aces

By surname:
A–F G–L M–P Q–S T–Z

Pilots with more than 100 aerial victory claims

According to Obermaier, 103 Luftwaffe pilots were credited with more than 100 aerial victories. Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and list 94 Luftwaffe pilots in this category. The authors differentiate between confirmed and unconfirmed claims. In consequence the following pilots were not listed by Mathews and Foreman.
Additionally, Spick lists Horst-Günther von Fassong with 136 aerial victories, Rudolf Rademacher with 126 aerial victories, and Herbert Rollwage with 102 aerial victories. Further more, the US historian David T. Zabecki states that Friedrich Wachowiak was credited with 140 aerial victories, and Paul-Heinrich Dähne with 100 aerial victories. Lastly, the authors Raymond F. Toliver and Trevor James Constable list Rudolf Müller with 101 aerial victories.
Name100th Claim150th Claim200th Claim250th Claim300th Claim
15 July 1941!24 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
24 October 194124 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
26 October 194124 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
31 March 194214 January 194317 March 194328 October 19446 January 1945
22 April 194224 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
12 May 194224 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
14 May 19424 September 194226 September 1942!28 October 19446 January 1945
18 May 194224 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
19 May 194227 January 194322 April 194428 October 19446 January 1945
20 May 194229 August 1942!9 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
17 June 194215 September 19429 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
22 July 194224 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
24 July 194224 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
25 July 194224 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
1 August 194224 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
5 August 19429 July 19449 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
22 August 19425 July 19439 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
31 August 19422 February 19439 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
5 September 194224 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
6 September 194217 December 19429 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
15 September 194212 August 19439 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
19 September 194224 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
22 September 194224 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
22 September 194224 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
30 September 19425 March 19439 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
3 October 194225 April 19439 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
22 October 19427 August 194329 August 194328 November 19436 January 1945
25 October 194224 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
29 October 194226 January 19439 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
10 November 194224 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
19 December 19428 August 194330 November 194312 February 19445 January 1945
2 January 194324 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
14 January 194324 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
26 January 194324 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
16 March 194324 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
27 April 194324 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
27 April 19435 July 19439 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
5 May 194324 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
6 May 194324 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
8 June 194325 May 194420 November 194428 October 19446 January 1945
8 June 194324 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
15 June 194318 August 19438 September 194314 October 1943!6 January 1945
4 July 194325 March 194425 July 194428 October 19446 January 1945
6 July 194324 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
17 July 194324 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
21 July 194324 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
21 July 194324 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
2 August 194324 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
12 August 194324 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
17 August 194324 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
18 August 194312 October 19439 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
3 September 194313 August 19449 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
14 September 19434 April 194426 August 194427 October 19446 January 1945
20 September 194313 December 194326 March 19444 June 194424 August 1944!
11 October 194326 July 194428 October 194428 October 19446 January 1945
15 October 194316 July 194416 October 194428 October 19446 January 1945
25 October 194324 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
2 November 194314 June 19449 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
6 November 194324 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
22 November 194322 October 19449 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
12 January 194424 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
15 January 194428 May 19449 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
5 February 194424 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
22 March 194431 May 194417 August 194428 October 19446 January 1945
23 March 1944?9 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
31 March 194424 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
11 April 194424 October 19448 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
11 April 194424 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
22 April 1944?24 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
3 May 194424 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
6 May 194424 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
19 May 194424 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
24 May 194424 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
1 June 194424 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
7 June 194424 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
8 June 194424 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
8 June 1944?24 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
13 June 1944?24 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
15 June 194424 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
15 June 194423 August 194424 March 194528 October 19446 January 1945
16 June 194424 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
24 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
14 July 194424 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
17 July 194424 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
20 July 194424 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
20 July 194417 February 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
21 July 1944?24 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
24 July 194424 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
23 August 194424 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
31 August 194424 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
14 September 194424 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
14 September 194424 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
24 September 194415 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
30 September 194423 February 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
9 October 194424 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
16 October 194424 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
24 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
28 February 194524 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
25 March 194524 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
26 March 194524 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
24 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
14 April 194524 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945
21 April 194524 April 19459 April 194528 October 19446 January 1945

Heavy bomber aces

The Luftwaffe fighter force defended the airspace of German-occupied territory against attack, first by RAF Bomber Command and then against the United States Army Air Forces in the Combined Bomber Offensive. In particular, combating the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress heavy bombers, flying in a combat box, posed a challenge to the Luftwaffe daytime fighter force. In consequence, the destruction of a heavy bomber, or the Herausschuss —a severely damaged heavy bomber forced to separate from its combat box which was counted as an aerial victory—was considered an exceptional achievement.
In 1943, the Luftwaffe introduced a point system which accounted for the difficulties in shooting down a heavy bomber. Although a single heavy bomber shot down or damaged still counted as one aerial victory, the accumulated points earned a fighter pilot awards, medals and promotions. The point system worked as follows:
  • Three points were granted for the destruction of heavy bomber.
  • Two points were earned for the Herausschuss of a heavy bomber.
  • One point was awarded for the endgültige Vernichtung, a coup de grâce inflicted on an already damaged heavy bomber.
NameHeavy bomber claimsTotal wartime claimsUnitNotes
44/14/10102JG 53, JG 106Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
36/23+78/50+JG 51, JG 2, JG 1, JG 26, Kdo Nowotny, EJG 2, JG 7Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
34/16+192/180+JG 77, JG 11, JG 26, JG 300Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
32/1368/38+JG 51, JG 3, JG 300Knight's Cross
30/22+129/128/90+JG 3, JG z.b.v., JG 300, EJG 2Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
26/23114/106JG 3, JG 27, JG 54Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
*26/27102JG 2Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
KIA 2 March 1944
2664ZG 1, ZG 76, SKG 210, JG 26, JG 11, JG 104Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
2663JG 51, JG 26, JG 1, JG 7Knight's Cross
*26/2135/29/26JG 1Knight's Cross
KIA 17 June 1944
*2532JG 1, JG 11Knight's Cross
KIA 6 March 1944
*25/1721JG 1, JG 11German Cross
KIA 1 January 1945
24112/99+JG 2Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
*2455JG 3, JG 1Knight's Cross
KIA 27 December 1944
*23140/139JG 53, JG 3Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 29 May 1944
23/1126/12JG 302, JG 301German Cross
2238JG 3, JG 301Knight's Cross
2236JG 3, EJGr Ost, EJG 2Knight's Cross
*2238JG 3, JG 300, JG 400Knight's Cross
KIA 2 November 1944
21222/220/208JG 51, JG 77, JG 1, JG 3, EJG 2, JV 44Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
2147JG 2Knight's Cross
2122/21JG 3, JG 7Knight's Cross
*20+102/103JG 53, JG 2Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
KIA 22 June 1944
*2053JG 27Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 29 January 1944
2028ZG 76, NJG 3, JG 11Knight's Cross
2028JG 302, JG 301Knight's Cross
20/1771/69JG 52, JG 26, JG 7Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
19/17+37JG 51, JG 3, JG 7, JV 44Knight's Cross
19/1333/15JG 1, JG 11Knight's Cross
18/14133/127JG 52, JG 1Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
1828/13+JG 106, JG 301Knight's Cross
*1768JG 51, JG 5, JG 2Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 8 June 1944
1756JG 77, JGr 200,
I/123, JG 53
Knight's Cross
17/1237/23JG 26, JG 300Knight's Cross
*17/1534/22JG 300Knight's Cross
KIA 24 December 1944
16126/93JG 54, JG 7Knight's Cross
16/1075/39JG 77Knight's Cross
1645/41JG 27Knight's Cross
1621ZG 2, ZG 26, JG 6, JG 7German Cross
*1595JG 3Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 8 May 1944
1583JG 3Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 19 April 1944
*1534ZG 26, JG 1, JG 11Knight's Cross
KIA 1 January 1945
*15/1420JG 11, JG 1Knight's Cross
KIA 12 May 1944
14+52/23+JG 52, JG 300Knight's Cross
*14132/100JG 77, JG 11Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 4 October 1943
*14125 /127JG 1, JG 2, JG 51, J/88Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
KIA 11 May 1944
1446JG 51, JG 11Knight's Cross
1434JG 27, JG 26, JG 2, JG 11Knight's Cross
1426JG 27Knight's Cross
1398JG 27Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
1373JG 53, JG 4Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
*1372JG 26Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 17 September 1944
1369JG 27, JG 77Knight's Cross
1356JG 51, JG 2, JG 27, JG 7, JV 44Knight's Cross
*13/1236JG 3Knight's Cross
KIA 24 December 1944
1321JG 27, JG 3, JG 51, EJG 2, JG 7
*12+93JG 54, JG 2Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 25 February 1944
1244/41JG 51, JG 3Knight's Cross
1222ZG 1, ZG 76, JG 6Knight's Cross
1217/12+ZG 1, ZG 26, JG 300Knight's Cross
KIA 2 March 1945
11222/219JG 2, JG 54, JG 7Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
*1150JG 26Knight's Cross
KIA 8 April 1944
1146/41JG 51Knight's Cross
1134/28+JG 51, JG 3Knight's Cross
*1127JG 2German Cross
KIA 20 October 1943
*11/525JG 53, JG 3Knight's Cross
KIA 16 August 1944
1120JG 1, JG 11
1111JG 3
*1116JG 3KIA 12 May 1944
1112JG 11, JG 7
10101JG 51, JG 26Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
1082/78JG 3, JG 52, JG 7 JV 44Knight's Cross
*1069/66JG 54Knight's Cross
KIA 8 June 1944
*1064JG 53, JG 11Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIFA 17 February 1945
1058SG 2, JG 7Knight's Cross
*1062/54JG 51, JG 3Knight's Cross
KIA 26 November 1944
1055JG 27, JG 104Knight's Cross
1042/43JG 54, JG 26Knight's Cross
1029JG 27Knight's Cross
1028 LG 1, ZG 76, ZG 26Knight's Cross
10/3+23/8+ZG 76, JG 1, JV 44Knight's Cross
*1022JG 2KIA 25 July 1944
1014ZG 26, Kdo Nowotny, JG 7German Cross
1011JG 51, JG 302, JG 3, JG 7
1011JG 3
9+12LG 1, JG 1, JG 11
946JG 54, JG 7, Kdo NowotnyKnight's Cross
945/43JG 3, JG 27, JG 76, EJG 2, JG 7Knight's Cross
*927JG 53German Cross
KIA 2 July 1944
*924JG 300, JG 54Knight's Cross
KIA 28 July 1944
920+JG 52, JG 1, JG 11, EJG 2
910Sturmstaffel 1, JG 3
*910JG 5, JG 3, JG 4KIA 6 October 1944
8+10+JG 300
8+10+JG 11, JV 44
*894JG 51, JG 1Knight's Cross
KIA 29 November 1943
892JG 51, JG 3Knight's Cross
898/88JG 3Knight's Cross
856JG 53, JG 2Knight's Cross
Wilhelm-Ferdinand (Wutz) Galland*854/56JG 26Knight's Cross
*848JG 26Knight's Cross
KIA 14 January 1945
*827/21JG 27Knight's Cross
KIA 2 April 1944
*820JG 27German Cross
21 November 1944
*815+JG 1, JG 3MIA 20 April 1945
815JG 51, JG 3, JG 7German Cross
814JG 300
810JG 27
*810JG 3KIA 1 January 1945
*88JG 3KIA 16 October 1944
*88JG 1KIA 5 January 1944
7+20±JG 1, JG 11
*7+8+JG 302German Cross
KIA 25 February 1945
*7209/182+JG 5, JG 7Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 4 April 1945
7208JG 5, JG 7Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
773JG 51Knight's Cross
734JG 26, JG 6, JG 7Knight's Cross
*721+JG 26, JG 1German Cross
KIA 22 December 1943
*719JG 51, JG 3German Cross
KIA 23 August 1944
718JG 3, JG 301, JG 7
*715JG 53KIA 22 August 1944
715JG 3, JG 7German Cross
713JG 27
712JG 27German Cross
79JG 27
*77JG 1, JG 11KIA 17 July 1943
6+10+JG 1German Cross
6+8+JG 1, EJG 2
6212/206JG 52, JG 11Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds
*668JG 52, JG 77, JG 26, JG 1, JG 4Knight's Cross
KIA 25 August 1944
Reinhold Hoffmann*6/566JG 54Knight's Cross
KIA 24 May 1944
647SKG 210, ZG 1, ZG 76, JG 3, JG 11, JG 27Knight's Cross
*644JG 26Knight's Cross
KIA 26 March 1945
622JG 26German Cross
618JGr. 200, JG 27German Cross
*610JG 27KIA 29 June 1944
69JG 1
*69JG 27KIA 6 August 1944
68JG 27, JG 1, JG 11, JV 44
66JG 51,JG 302
66JG 3
66JG 302
5+8+JG 1, JG 11, JG 6, JG 7
*5137/133JG 52, Kdo Nowotny, JG 7Knight's Cross
KIFA 10 April 1945
*5126/123JG 52, JG 11Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 8 April 1944
563JG 53, JG 26Knight's Cross
*549/48JG 5, JG 7KIA 17 April 1945
535JG 2Knight's Cross
510JG 26, Kdo Nowotny, JG 7
510JG 300, JG 302, JG 106
510JG 26
57JG Hermann, JG 300
56JG 77