List of companies operating trains in the United Kingdom


There are many companies operating trains in the United Kingdom, including the operators of franchised and publicly owned passenger services, officially referred to as train operating companies, as distinct from freight operating companies.

Passenger operators in Great Britain

Current operators

There are also a number of light rail systems.

Future operating companies

Future operating companies that have been announced by the Department for Transport. These will be the first nationalised operators to take over passenger services since the passing of the Passenger Railway Services Act 2024, which makes public ownership the default option for passenger services.
OperatorTypeFranchise / contractParentDate commencingReplacingCode
West Midlands Trains (2026)State-owned operatorWest MidlandsDfT Operator1 February 2026West Midlands Trains LM
First Rail LondonLondon OvergroundFirstGroup3 May 2026Arriva Rail LondonLO
Thameslink Southern Great NorthernState-owned operatorThameslink, Southern and [Great Northern franchise]DfT Operator31 May 2026Thameslink Railway">Thameslink (train operating company 1997–2006)">Thameslink RailwayGN, GX, SN, TL

Defunct operating companies

Operating companies have ceased to exist for various reasons, including withdrawal of the franchise, the term of the franchise has expired, bankruptcy or merger.
OperatorTypeFranchiseParentDate startedDate ceasedReplaced byCode
Abellio ScotRailFranchiseScotRailAbellioScotRail SR
Anglia RailwaysFranchiseAngliaGB RailwaysOneAR
Arriva Trains WalesFranchiseWales & BordersArriva UK TrainsKeolisAmey WalesAW
Arriva Trains MerseysideMerseytravel contractMerseyrailArriva UK TrainsMerseyrailME
Arriva Trains NorthernFranchiseRegional Railways North EastArriva UK TrainsAN
Arriva Rail NorthFranchiseNorthernArriva UK TrainsNorthern TrainsNT
Caledonian Sleeper (Serco)FranchiseCaledonian SleeperSercoCaledonian Sleeper
(Scottish Rail Holdings)
CS
c2cFranchiseEssex ThamesideTrenitaliac2cCC
Central TrainsFranchiseCentralNational ExpressCT
Connex South CentralFranchiseNetwork SouthCentralConnexSouthernCX
Connex South EasternFranchiseSouth EasternConnexSouth Eastern TrainsCX
East CoastFranchiseInterCity East CoastDirectly Operated RailwaysVirgin Trains East CoastGR
East Midlands TrainsFranchiseEast MidlandsStagecoachEast Midlands RailwayEM
First Capital ConnectFranchiseThameslink Great NorthernFirstGroupGovia Thameslink RailwayFC
First Great EasternFranchiseGreat EasternFirstGroupNational Express East AngliaGE
First Great Western LinkFranchiseThamesFirstGroupFirst Great WesternFK
First North WesternFranchiseNorth West Regional RailwaysFirstGroupNW
First ScotRailFranchiseScotrailFirstGroupAbellio ScotRailSR
First TransPennine ExpressFranchiseTransPennine ExpressTransPennine ExpressTP
Gatwick ExpressFranchiseGatwick ExpressNational ExpressSouthernGX
Great North Eastern RailwayFranchiseInterCity East CoastSea ContainersNational Express East CoastGR
Greater AngliaFranchiseEast AngliaTransport UK Group
Mitsui & Co
Greater AngliaLE
Great Western TrainsFranchiseGreat WesternGreat Western HoldingsFirst Great WesternGW
Heathrow ConnectOpen AccessHeathrow Airport Holdings, FirstGroupTfL RailHC
Island LineFranchiseIsland LineStagecoachSouth West TrainsIL
London MidlandFranchiseWest MidlandsGoviaWest Midlands TrainsLM
London Overground Rail OperationsTfL concessionLondon OvergroundArriva Rail LondonLO
Merseyrail ElectricsMerseytravel contractMerseyrailMTLArriva Trains MerseysideME
Midland MainlineFranchiseMidland Main LineNational ExpressEast Midlands TrainsML
National Express East AngliaFranchiseGreater AngliaNational ExpressGreater AngliaLE
National Express East CoastFranchiseInterCity East CoastNational ExpressEast CoastGR
Northern RailFranchiseNorthern RailSerco-AbellioArriva Rail NorthNT
Northern SpiritFranchiseRegional Railways North EastMTLArriva Trains NorthernNS
North Western TrainsFranchiseNorth West Regional RailwaysGreat Western HoldingsFirst North WesternNW
ScotRailFranchiseScotRailNational ExpressFirst ScotRailSR
SilverlinkFranchiseNorth London RailwaysNational ExpressSS
SoutheasternFranchiseIntegrated KentGoviaSoutheasternSE
South Eastern TrainsFranchiseSouth EasternStrategic Rail AuthoritySoutheasternSE
South Western RailwayFranchiseSouth WesternFirstGroup
MTR Corporation
South Western RailwaySW
South West TrainsFranchiseSouth WesternStagecoachSouth Western RailwaySW
SouthernFranchiseSouth CentralGoviaGovia Thameslink RailwaySN
Thames TrainsFranchiseThamesGo-Ahead GroupFirst Great Western LinkTT
ThameslinkFranchiseThameslinkGoviaFirst Capital ConnectTR
TransPennine ExpressFranchiseTransPennine ExpressFirstGroupTransPennine Trains
TP
KeolisAmey WalesFranchiseWales & BordersKeolis/AmeyTransport for Wales RailAW
Valley LinesFranchiseValley LinesNational ExpressWales & BordersVL
Virgin Trains East CoastFranchiseInterCity East CoastLondon North Eastern RailwayGR
Virgin CrossCountryFranchiseCrossCountryVirgin Rail GroupVXC
Virgin Trains West CoastFranchiseInterCity West CoastVirgin Rail GroupAvanti West CoastVT
West Anglia Great Northern FranchiseWest Anglia Great NorthernNational ExpressOneWN
West Anglia Great Northern FranchiseWest Anglia Great NorthernNational ExpressFirst Capital ConnectWN
Wales & BordersFranchiseWales & BordersNational ExpressArriva Trains WalesWB
Wales & WestFranchiseWales & WestNational ExpressWW
Wessex TrainsFranchiseWessexNational ExpressFirst Great WesternWE
Wrexham & ShropshireOpen accessWrexham to LondonDB RegioCeased due to lack of profitabilityWS

Passenger operators in Northern Ireland

In Northern Ireland, passenger trains are NI/Ireland government-owned by Translink or the National Transport Authority. The following brands are used:

UK Railtour operators

Luxury railtours
In Northern Ireland
Defunct:

Freight operators