List of Quaternary volcanic eruptions

This article is a list of historical volcanic eruptions of approximately magnitude 6 or more on the Volcanic Explosivity Index or equivalent sulfur dioxide emission during the Holocene, and Pleistocene eruptions of the Decade Volcanoes ; Campania, Italy; South Aegean Volcanic Arc; Laguna de Bay, Luzon Volcanic Arc; Mount Pinatubo, Luzon Volcanic Arc; Toba, Sunda Arc; Mount Meager massif, Garibaldi Volcanic Belt; Yellowstone hotspot, Wyoming; and Taupō Volcanic Zone, greater than VEI 4.
The eruptions in the Holocene on the link: were not added yet, but they are listed on the Peter L. Ward's supplemental table. Some of the eruptions are not listed on the Global Volcanism Program timetable as well, at least not as VEI 6. The timetables of Global Volcanism Program; Bristlecone pine tree-rings ; the 4 ka Yamal Peninsula Siberian larch chronology; the 7 ka Scots pine chronology from Finnish Lapland; GISP2 ice core; GRIP ice core; Dye 3 ice core; Bipolar comparison; Antarctic ice core ; Antarctic ice core ; Crête ice core, in central Greenland, benthic foraminifera in deep sea sediment cores, do not agree with each other sometimes. The 536–547 AD dust-veil event might be an impact event.

Holocene eruptions

The Holocene epoch begins 11,700 years BP,

1 to 1000 AD

Tianchi eruption, Paektu Mountain, border of North Korea and China	946 AD	6	of tephra	Also known as Millennium Eruption of Changbaishan
Eldgjá eruption, Laki system, Iceland	934–940 AD	6	Estimated of lava	Estimated 219 million tons of sulfur dioxide were emitted
Ceboruco, Northwest of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt	930 AD ±200	6	of tephra
Dakataua, Northern tip of the Willaumez Peninsula, New Britain, Papua New Guinea	800 AD ±50	6?	? of tephra
Pago, East of Kimbe, New Britain, Papua New Guinea: Witori Caldera	710 AD ±75	6	of tephra
Mount Churchill, eastern Alaska	700 AD ±200	6	of tephra
Rabaul, Rabaul Caldera, New Britain	540 AD ±100	6	of tephra	Volcanic winter of 536?
Ilopango, El Salvador	431 AD ±2, or 539/540 AD	7	106.5 km3 of tephra
Ksudach, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia	240 AD ±100	6	of tephra
Taupō Volcanic Zone, Hatepe eruption of Taupō Volcano, New Zealand	230 AD ±16	7	of tephra
Mount Vesuvius, Italy	79 AD Oct 24	5?	of tephra	Pompeii eruption
Mount Churchill, eastern Alaska	60 AD ±200	6	of tephra
Ambrym, Vanuatu	50 AD ±100	6	of tephra

Pleistocene eruptions

2.588 ± 0.005 million years BP, the Quaternary period and Pleistocene epoch begin.

Name and area	Date	VEI	Products	Notes	-
GISP2 ice core event	12.657 ka				-
Eifel hotspot, Laacher See, Vulkan Eifel, Germany	12.900 ka	6	of tephra.		-
Mount Vesuvius, Italy	16 ka	5		Green Pumice	-
Mount Vesuvius, Italy	18.3 ka	6		Basal Pumice	-
Santorini, Greece: Cape Riva Caldera	about 21 ka				-
Aira Caldera, south of the island of Kyūshū, Japan	about 22 ka	7	more than of tephra.		-
Taupō Volcanic Zone, Oruanui eruption, Taupō Volcano, New Zealand	around 25.6 ka	8	Approximately of tephra		-
Laguna Caldera, South-East of Manila, island of Luzon	27–29 ka				-
Alban Hills, Rome, Italy	36 ka	4	Peperino Ignimbrite of Albano Maar	Sedimentation and mobility of PDCs: a reappraisal of ignimbrites’ aspect ratio
Campi Flegrei, Naples, Italy	39.280 ka ± 0.11		200 cubic kilometres of lava	Campanian Tuff	-
Galeras, Andes, Northern Volcanic Zone, Colombian department of Nariño	40 ka		of tephra		-
Taupō Volcanic Zone, Rotoiti Ignimbrite, North Island, New Zealand	about 50 ka	7	about of tephra.		-
Santorini, Greece: Skaros Caldera	about 70 ka				-
Lake Toba, Sumatra, Indonesia	73.7 ka ± 0.3	8	of tephra	estimated 150 to 1,000 million tons of sulfur dioxide were emitted.	-
Aso Caldera, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan	90 ka	8	of tephra	The largest known eruption in Japan	-
Yellowstone hotspot: Yellowstone Caldera	between 70 and 150 ka		intracaldera rhyolitic lava flows.		-
Galeras, Andes, Northern Volcanic Zone, Colombian department of Nariño	150 ka		of tephra		-
Kos-Nisyros Caldera, Greece	161 ka			Kos Plateau Tuff.	-
Taal Caldera, island of Luzon, Philippines	between 500 and 100 ka	6	?	6 Explosive Eruptions formed multiple overlapping calderas.	-
Santorini, Greece: Southern Caldera	about 180 ka				-
Taupō Volcanic Zone, Rotorua Caldera, New Zealand	220 ka		more than of tephra.		-
Taupō Volcanic Zone, Maroa Caldera, New Zealand	230 ka		of tephra.		-
Taupō Volcanic Zone, Reporoa Caldera, New Zealand	230 ka	7	around of tephra		-
Taupō Volcanic Zone, Whakamaru Caldera, North Island, New Zealand	around 254 ka	8	of tephra	Whakamaru Ignimbrite/Mount Curl Tephra	-
Taupō Volcanic Zone, Matahina Ignimbrite, Haroharo Caldera, North Island, New Zealand	280 ka	7	about of tephra.		-
Alban Hills, Rome, Italy	365–351 ka	6	Villa Senni Ignimbrite >50km3	Volcanoes of the World: Third Edition
Sabatini volcanic complex, Sabatini, Italy	374 ka	7	more than	Morphi tephra.	-
Roccamonfina Caldera, Roccamonfina, Italy	385 ka		of tephra.		-
Alban Hills, Rome, Italy	407–398 ka	6	Pozzolane Nere Ignimbrite		-
Alban Hills, Rome, Italy	456–439 ka	7	Pozzolane Rosse Tephritic Ignimbrite >50km3	Sedimentation and mobility of PDCs: a reappraisal of ignimbrites’ aspect ratio
Maipo (volcano), Andes, Southern Volcanic Zone, Chile	450–500 ka	7	Diamante Caldera		-
Galeras, Andes, Northern Volcanic Zone, Colombian department of Nariño	560 ka		of tephra		-
Lake Toba, Sumatra, Indonesia	501 ka ±5			Middle Toba Tuff	-
Yellowstone hotspot: Yellowstone Caldera	640 ka	8	more than of tephra	Lava Creek Tuff	-
Lake Toba, Sumatra, Indonesia	840 ka ±30			Oldest Toba Tuff	-
Taupō Volcanic Zone, Mangakino Caldera, North Island, New Zealand	0.97 Ma		more than	Rocky Hill Ignimbrite	-
Taupō Volcanic Zone, Mangakino Caldera, North Island, New Zealand	1.01 Ma		more than	Unit E	-
Lake Toba, Sumatra, Indonesia	1.2 ±0.16 Ma			Haranggoal Dacite Tuff	-
Taupō Volcanic Zone, Mangakino Caldera, North Island, New Zealand	1.23 Ma		more than	Ongatit Ignimbrite	-
Yellowstone hotspot: Henry's Fork Caldera	1.3 Ma	7		Mesa Falls Tuff.	-
Yellowstone hotspot: Island Park Caldera	2.1 Ma	8		Huckleberry Ridge Tuff.	-
Cerro Galán Caldera, Argentina	2.2 Ma	8	of dacitic magma.		-

Nomenclature

Each state/ country seem to have a slightly different approach, but there is an order:

Craton, and then Province as sections or regions of a craton.
First: volcanic arc, volcanic belt and volcanic zone.
Second: volcanic area, caldera cluster and caldera complex.
Third: volcanic field, volcanic system and volcanic center.
* A volcanic field is a localized area of the Earth's crust that is prone to localized volcanic activity.
* A volcanic group is a collection of related volcanoes or volcanic landforms.
Neutral: volcanic cluster and volcanic locus.

In the Basin and Range Province the volcanic fields are nested. The McDermit volcanic field, is also named Orevada rift volcanic field. The Latir-Questa volcanic locus and the Taos Plateau volcanic field seem to be in a similar area. The Southwest Nevada volcanic field, the Crater Flat-Lunar Crater volcanic zone, the Central Nevada volcanic field, the Indian Peak volcanic field and the Marysvale volcanic field seem to have no transition between each other; the Ocate volcanic field is also known as the Mora volcanic field; and the Red Hill volcanic field is also known as Quemado volcanic field.