Lipovans
The Lipovans or Lippovans are ethnic Russian Old Believers living in Romania, Ukraine, Moldova and Bulgaria who settled in the Principality of Moldavia, in the east of the Principality of Wallachia, and in the regions of Dobruja and Budjak during the 17th and 18th centuries. According to the 2011 Romanian census, there are a total of 23,487 Lipovans in Romania, mostly living in Northern Dobruja, in Tulcea County but also in Constanța County, and in the cities of Iași, Brăila and Bucharest. In Bulgaria, they inhabit two villages: Kazashko and Tataritsa.
Name
The origin of the name of the Lipovans is not known exactly, but it may come from the linden trees of the area they populate bordering the Wild Fields. Linguist considers this to be folk etymology. Another hypothesis claims the name derives from the name "Filipp" which is alleged to have been the true name of the son of Nikita Pustosvyat who according to a legend led the group of dissenters who emigrated to what is now Romania, his adepts being named filippovtsy which became lipovtsi and finally lipovane. Another hypothesis derives it from "Filippovka", a holiday name dedicated to Saint Philip of Moscow.History
The Lipovans emigrated from Russia in the 18th century, as dissenters from the main Russian Orthodox Church. They settled along the Prut River in Moldavia and in the Danube Delta. They have maintained strong religious traditions which predate the reforms of the Russian Orthodox Church undertaken during the rule of Patriarch Nikon. When the Patriarch made changes to worship in 1652, some believers carried on worshipping in the "old way". In that sense, they continued to speak Old Russian, to cross themselves with two fingers instead of three, and to keep their beards. The Russian government and the Orthodox Church persecuted them, and as a result various sects arose whose goal was to commit suicide, e.g., by burning themselves, with many others being forced to emigrate.Lipovans were considered to be schismatic by the Russian Orthodox Church, although relations have improved recently.