Lines of Stollhofen
The Lines of Stollhofen was a line of defensive earthworks built for the Reichsarmee at the start of the War of the Spanish Succession running for about from Stollhofen on the Rhine to the impenetrable woods on the hills east of Bühl.
The lines were constructed by order of Margrave Louis William I of Baden-Baden in order to protect northern Baden from the newly erected French fortress of Fort Louis on the River Rhine.
Location
The roughly long and only partly fortified line started in the east near Obertal, ran westwards over the heights to Bühl and then northwest in the Rhine valley via Vimbuch, Leiberstung and Stollhofen to the River Rhine. It comprised linear schanzen in the terrain, as well as individual star schanzen, hornworks, small forts and fortified villages, and used the watercourses on the Rhine Plain in order to flood the fields of fire and approach using weirs.At the same time, by including the villages of Bühl and Stollhofen, it enabled control of the old trade routes from Basle to Frankfurt at Bühl, and from Strasbourg to Frankfurt. Until 1707, the line bounded the operational area of the French troops and barred the easiest route to Bavaria via Pforzheim.
History
Following his Rhine crossing in mid-February 1703, Marshal Villars found the passes through the Black Forest to be still impassible because of snow. Therefore, he initially occupied Kehl Fortress on 12 March as his base east of the Rhine, united with the army of Marshal Tallard, and on 19 April 1703 began an attack on the Bühl-Stollhofen Line. He bombarded the line south of Kappelwindeck and tried to bypass the line to the east with 25 battalions under Blainville. Both attempts, on 19 and 24 April, failed because the French could not capture the fortifications at Obertal. On 25 April, Villars pulled back.In summer 1703, however, Margrave Louis William could not stop Villars marching up the Kinzig valley and on into Bavaria. There, Villars was victorious in the First Battle of Höchstädt. Likewise in 1704, Tallar passed through the Black Forest unhindered along the Dreisam Valley.
After the death of Margrave Louis William, Villars captured the Bühl-Stollhofen Line in May without a fight and had it destroyed.
Several months after the loss of the Bühl-Stollhofen Line, work began on the Ettlingen Line under the Rhine Army commander, George Louis of Brunswick-Lüneburg. The line was reinforced during the War of the Polish Succession, was destroyed by the French in 1734 broke and was rebuilt in 1735.