Levant Mine and Beam Engine
Levant Mine and Beam Engine is a National Trust property at Trewellard, Pendeen, near St Just, Cornwall, England, UK. Its main attraction is that it has the world's oldest Cornish steam winding engine still working in its original location. There is also a visitor centre, a short underground tour, and the South West Coast Path leads to Botallack Mine, via a cliff-top footpath.
In 1919 the engine used to transport men between the different levels of the mine failed, leading to the deaths of thirty-one men. Since 2006, the area has been part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape.
Location
The property is on the site of the former Levant Mine, established in 1820 and closed in 1930, where tin and copper ores were raised. The mine reached a depth of about 600 metres. It got the nickname "mine under the sea", because tunnels were driven up to 2.5 km from the cliffs under the sea. The surviving beam engine was built by Harvey's of Hayle.History
The mine yields both copper and tin and was opened in 1820 with twenty shares of £20 each. From first opening, to circa 1883, the mine gave a profit of £171,000 from approximately £1,300,000 worth of ore. In 1882 the mine was taken over by new owners on a 21 year lease, who replaced machinery and improved the surface-works.In 1883 three shafts were open. One shaft is occupied by the man-engine, a second by a pumping-engine and the third for hauling out the skips. Since the introductions of skips, for bringing ore to the surface, two shafts were abandoned. There were six engines on site,
- pumping-engine, cylinder – pumps water from the mine
- stamping, cylinder – breaks up the ore
- winding-engine or whim, cylinder – raises the ore to the surface
- man-engine, cylinder
- crushing-machine, cylinder
- winding-engine, cylinder.
1919 disaster
On 20 October 1919 an accident killed 31 miners, when a metal bracket at the top of a rod broke on the man engine. To use the man engine, the miners stepped on to a ladder, were transported up or down, climbed off onto a sollar, waited for the ladder to reset its position, then stepped back on to the ladder, repeating the process. The rod broke in several pieces and heavy timbers crashed down the shaft. A large scale rescue operation was able to save some of the miners. The engine was not replaced and the lower levels of the mine were abandoned.Minerals and ores
- silver
- bismuth
- calcspar
- aragonite
- vitreous copper ore or grey sulphuret of copper
Mineral Statistics
| Year | Ore | Metal | Value |
| 1845 | 1,088.00 | 106.60 | 7,154.90 |
| 1846 | 1,293.00 | 130.30 | 8,199.90 |
| 1847 | 851.00 | 98.80 | 6,849.10 |
| 1848 | 1,776.00 | 177.60 | 9,857.20 |
| 1849 | 1,904.00 | 170.90 | 10,972.70 |
| 1850 | 2,668.00 | 217.10 | 14,156.80 |
| 1851 | 1,539.00 | 118.10 | 7,350.30 |
| 1852 | 1,333.00 | 101.60 | 7,993.20 |
| 1853 | 1,627.00 | 91.30 | 8,141.30 |
| 1854 | 1,589.00 | 87.70 | 8,201.20 |
| 1855 | 1,578.00 | 94.90 | 9,060.80 |
| 1856 | 1,641.00 | 94.00 | 7,859.40 |
| 1857 | 1,587.00 | 81.60 | 7,446.10 |
| 1858 | 1,473.00 | 96.80 | 8,267.30 |
| 1859 | 1,567.00 | 90.30 | 7,940.10 |
| 1860 | 957.00 | 57.20 | 5,126.00 |
| 1861 | 967.00 | 61.80 | 5,260.70 |
| 1862 | 1,069.00 | 71.30 | 5,508.10 |
| 1863 | 1,203.00 | 85.20 | 6,252.50 |
| 1864 | 839.00 | 53.60 | 4,235.70 |
| 1865 | 609.00 | 42.20 | 3,112.40 |
| 1866 | 349.00 | 25.60 | 1,543.10 |
| 1867 | 376.00 | 37.20 | 2,493.00 |
| 1868 | 380.00 | 34.70 | 2,278.20 |
| 1869 | 142.00 | 18.60 | 1,185.80 |
| 1870 | 100.00 | 16.20 | 1,029.90 |
| 1871 | 72.00 | 9.00 | 572.50 |
| 1873 | 74.00 | 8.00 | 518.90 |
| 1874 | 61.00 | 12.50 | 912.60 |
| 1875 | 123.00 | 18.40 | 1,411.80 |
| 1876 | 338.00 | 41.60 | 2,767.30 |
| 1877 | 419.80 | 52.40 | 2,897.10 |
| 1878 | 741.10 | 100.70 | 5,386.40 |
| 1879 | 385.60 | 45.20 | 2,312.10 |
| 1880 | 519.00 | 70.30 | 3,990.70 |
| 1881 | 1,002.40 | 123.90 | 6,949.60 |
| 1882 | 1,173.00 | 117.30 | 7,800.00 |
| 1883 | 1,477.70 | 155.00 | 7,357.00 |
| 1884 | 1,637.00 | .. | 8,014.00 |
| 1885 | 1,364.00 | .. | 6,073.00 |
| 1886 | 634.00 | .. | 3,419.00 |
| 1887 | 727.00 | .. | 3,698.00 |
| 1888 | 1,209.00 | .. | 14,187.00 |
| 1889 | 1,505.00 | .. | 7,293.00 |
| 1890 | 1,979.00 | .. | 6,798.00 |
| 1891 | 2,189.00 | .. | 5,994.00 |
| 1892 | 1,719.00 | .. | 3,788.00 |
| 1893 | 1,230.00 | .. | 3,441.00 |
| 1894 | 1,882.00 | .. | 7,577.00 |
| 1895 | 4,333.00 | .. | 15,730.00 |
| 1896 | 4,897.00 | .. | 16,299.00 |
| 1897 | 3,455.00 | .. | 11,009.00 |
| 1898 | 2,981.00 | .. | 12,057.00 |
| 1899 | 3,627.00 | .. | 17,827.00 |
| 1900 | 5,064.00 | .. | 22,097.00 |
| 1901 | 3,550.00 | .. | 17,430.00 |
| 1902 | 3,056.00 | .. | 10,540.00 |
| 1903 | 3,381.00 | .. | 10,961.00 |
| 1904 | 2,884.00 | .. | 8,440.00 |
| 1905 | 3,387.00 | .. | 11,788.00 |
| 1906 | 2,140.00 | .. | 8,819.00 |
| 1907 | 1,962.00 | .. | 9,007.00 |
| 1908 | 807.00 | .. | 4,215.00 |
| 1909 | 1,202.00 | .. | 3,737.00 |
| 1910 | 683.00 | .. | 2,049.00 |
| 1911 | 900.00 | .. | 3,062.00 |
| 1912 | 510.00 | .. | 5,004.00 |
| 1913 | 383.00 | .. | 3,303.00 |
| 1914 | 403.00 | .. | 1,948.00 |
| 1915 | 164.00 | .. | 1,283.00 |
| 1916 | 125.00 | .. | 1,475.00 |
| 1916 | 155.00 | .. | 2,466.00 |
| 1917 | 125.00 | .. | 1,525.00 |
| 1917 | 146.00 | .. | 2,529.00 |
| 1918 | 41.00 | .. | 513.00 |
| 1918 | 54.00 | .. | 1,782.00 |
| 1922 | 96.00 | .. | .. |
| 1923 | 4.90 | .. | .. |
| 1924 | 13.00 | .. | .. |
| 1925 | 9.00 | .. | .. |
| 1926 | 9.00 | .. | .. |
| 1927 | 4.60 | .. | . |
| Year | Ore | Value |
| 1881 | 20.00 | 50.00 |
| 1882 | 20.00 | 80.00 |
| 1883 | 11.30 | 43.00 |
| 1884 | 110.00 | 467.00 |
| 1885 | 207.80 | 861.00 |
| 1886 | 142.80 | 625.00 |
| 1887 | 144.00 | 773.00 |
| 1888 | 146.00 | 762.00 |
| 1889 | 173.00 | 935.00 |
| 1890 | 75.00 | 553.00 |
| 1891 | 186.00 | 1,267.00 |
| 1892 | 246.00 | 1,143.00 |
| 1893 | 189.00 | 1,083.00 |
| 1894 | 192.00 | 1,243.00 |
| 1895 | 216.00 | 1,299.00 |
| 1896 | 250.00 | 1,609.00 |
| 1897 | 231.00 | 2,019.00 |
| 1898 | 132.00 | 434.00 |
| 1899 | 200.00 | 912.00 |
| 1900 | 216.00 | 1,579.00 |
| 1904 | 105.00 | 368.00 |
| 1905 | 650.00 | 1,787.00 |
| 1906 | 234.00 | 2,267.00 |
| 1907 | 196.00 | 4,222.00 |
| 1908 | 106.00 | 512.00 |
| 1909 | 100.00 | 569.00 |
| 1910 | 99.00 | 586.00 |
| 1911 | 163.00 | 522.00 |
| 1912 | 168.80 | 563.00 |
| 1913 | 122.00 | 555.00 |
| 1914 | 58.00 | 213.00 |
| 1916 | 197.00 | 1,681.00 |
| 1916 | 202.00 | 1,162.00 |
| 1917 | 86.00 | 2,351.00 |
| 1917 | 86.00 | 2,786.00 |
| 1918 | 52.00 | 2,938.00 |
| 1918 | 52.00 | 3,184.00 |
| 1922 | 11.00 | .. |
| 1923 | 15.00 | .. |
| 1924 | 94.00 | .. |
| 1925 | 40.00 | .. |
| 1926 | 30.00 | .. |
| 1927 | 10.00 | .. |