Lepiota babruzalka
Lepiota babruzalka is an agaric mushroom of the genus Lepiota in the order Agaricales. Described as new to science in 2009, it is found in Kerala State, India, where it grows on the ground in litterfall around bamboo stems. Fruit bodies have caps that measure up to in diameter, and are covered with reddish-brown scales. The cap is supported by a long and slender stem up to long and thick. One of the distinguishing microscopic features of the species is the variably shaped cystidia found on the edges of the gills.
Taxonomy
The species was first described by Arun Kumar Thirovoth Kottuvetta and P. Manimohan in the journal Mycotaxon in 2009, in a survey of the genus Lepiota in Kerala State in southern India. The holotype collection was made in 2004 in Chelavur, located in the Kozhikode District; it is now kept in the herbarium of Kew Gardens. The specific epithet babruzalka derives from the Sanskrit word for "brown-scaled".Description
The fruit bodies of Lepiota babruzalka have caps that start out roughly spherical, and as they expand become broadly convex, and eventually flat, with a blunt umbo. The cap attains a diameter of. Its whitish surface is covered with small, reddish-brown, pressed-down scales that are more numerous in the center. The margin is initially curved inward, but straightens out in age, and retains hanging remnants of the partial veil. The gills are white, and free from attachment to the stem. They are crowded together, with two or three tiers of interspersed lamellulae. Viewed with a hand lens, the edges of the gills appear to be fringed. The stem is cylindrical with a bulbous base, initially solid before becoming hollow, and measures long by 1–1.5 mm thick. The stem surface is whitish, but will stain a light brown color if handled. In young fruit bodies, the stems have a whitish, membranous ring on the upper half, but the ring does not last long before disintegrating. The flesh is thin, whitish, and lacks any appreciable odor.Lepiota babruzalka produces a white spore print. Spores are roughly elliptical to somewhat cylindrical, hyaline, and measure 5.5–10.5 by 3.5–4.5 μm. They are thick-walled and contain a refractive oil droplet. The basidia are club-shaped, hyaline, and are one- to four-spored with sterigmata up to 8 μm long; the dimensions of the basidia are 15–20 by 7–8 μm. Cheilocystidia are plentiful, and can assume a number of shapes, including cylindrical to club-shaped, utriform, to ventricose-rostrate. The cheilocystidia are thin-walled, and measure 13–32 by 7–12 μm; there are no cystidia on the gill faces.
The gill tissue is made of thin-walled hyphae containing a septum, which are hyaline to pale yellow, and measure 3–15 μm wide. The cap tissue comprises interwoven, inflated hyphae with widths between 2 and 25 μm. Neither the gill tissue nor the cap tissue show any color reaction when stained with Melzer's reagent. Clamp connections are rare in the hyphae of Lepiota babruzalka.