Lee County, Arkansas
Lee County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. With its eastern border formed by the Mississippi River, it is considered to be part of the Arkansas Delta. As of the 2020 census, the population was 8,600. The county seat is Marianna.
The county was established by the state legislature on April 17, 1873, during the Reconstruction era. It was named for General Robert E. Lee, who served as General in Chief of the Armies of the Confederate States during the American Civil War.
History
The area of the Delta was developed largely for cotton as a commodity crop before the Civil War, based on the labor of enslaved African Americans. It continued as an important crop into the 20th century, when it was worked by African-American sharecroppers and tenant farmers. In the post-Reconstruction era, whites struggled to re-establish white supremacy, by violence and intimidation of black Republican Party voters in this area and throughout the South. At the turn of the century, the state legislature passed measures that effectively disenfranchised most blacks for decades. The Equal Justice Initiative reported in 2015 that the county had 15 Lynching in [the United States|lynchings] of African Americans from 1877 to 1950, most in the decades near the turn of the 20th century. This was the third-highest of any county in the state. To escape the violence and oppression, thousands of African Americans left the state in the Great Migration to northern and western cities, especially after 1940. Mechanization of farming and industrial-scale agriculture have decreased the need for workers. The rural county has continued to lose population because of the lack of work opportunities. There has been a decrease in population every decade since 1940.Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of, of which is land and is water.Major highways
Adjacent counties
National protected area
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 8,600. The median age was 42.6 years. 18.3% of residents were under the age of 18 and 19.6% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 127.0 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 135.7 males age 18 and over.The racial makeup of the county was 40.3% White, 54.2% Black or African American, 0.5% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.2% Asian, <0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 1.4% from some other race, and 3.5% from two or more races. Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino] residents of any race comprised 2.5% of the population.
<0.1% of residents lived in urban areas, while 100.0% lived in rural areas.
There were 3,103 households in the county, of which 27.4% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 33.4% were married-couple households, 21.5% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 40.5% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 35.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.
There were 3,695 housing units, of which 16.0% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 57.3% were owner-occupied and 42.7% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.3% and the rental vacancy rate was 8.4%.
2010 census
As of the 2010 United States census, there were 10,424 people living in the county. 55.3% were Black or African American, 42.0% White, 0.5% Native American, 1.6% were Hispanic or Latino, 0.4% Asian, 0.7% of some other race and 1.2% of two or more races.2000 census
As of the 2000 United States census, there were 12,580 people, 4,182 households, and 2,960 families living in the county. The population density was. There were 4,768 housing units at an average density of. The racial makeup of the county was 57.24% Black or African American, 41.41% White, 2.19% Hispanic or Latino of any race, 0.27% Asian, 0.16% Native American, 0.52% from other races, and 0.40% from two or more races.There were 4,182 households, out of which 31.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.20% were married couples living together, 23.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.20% were non-families. 27.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.14.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 26.00% under the age of 18, 10.20% from 18 to 24, 28.70% from 25 to 44, 21.10% from 45 to 64, and 14.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 111.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 118.40 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $20,510, and the median income for a family was $25,846. Males had a median income of $26,900 versus $19,505 for females. The per capita income for the county was $10,983. About 24.70% of families and 29.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 38.80% of those under age 18 and 27.60% of those age 65 or over.
Government and infrastructure
Government
The county government is a constitutional body granted specific powers by the Constitution of Arkansas and the Arkansas Code. The quorum court is the legislative branch of the county government and controls all spending and revenue collection. Representatives are called justices of the peace and are elected from county districts every even-numbered year. The number of districts in a county vary from nine to fifteen, and district boundaries are drawn by the county election commission. The Lee County Quorum Court has nine members. Presiding over quorum court meetings is the county judge, who serves as the chief executive officer of the county. The county judge is elected at-large and does not vote in quorum court business, although capable of vetoing quorum court decisions.| Position | Officeholder | Party |
| County Judge | Terry Sandefer | Democratic |
| County Clerk | Pam Webb | Democratic |
| Circuit Clerk | Millie A. Hill | Democratic |
| Sheriff/Collector | Corey Demond Wilson | Democratic |
| Treasurer | Mark Smith | Democratic |
| Assessor | Becky Hogan | Democratic |
| Coroner | Robert Kennedy | Democratic |
The composition of the Quorum Court following the 2024 elections is 7 Democrats and 2 Republicans. Justices of the Peace of the Quorum Court following the elections are:
- District 1: Rusty Crump
- District 2: Junious Pruett
- District 3: Lydia Lewis
- District 4: Jed S. Anderson
- District 5: Ronni Schwantz
- District 6: Tracia Tinzie
- District 7: West Higginbothom
- District 8: Bill Gerrard
- District 9: Jesse C. Garrett
- District 1: James Stacks
- District 2: Payton Stegall
- District 3: Carl E. Bledsoe Sr.
- District 5: Thomas Webb III
- District 6: Mike Middleton
- District 7: Adrian D. Smith
- District 8: Timothy Turley
Infrastructure
The East [Arkansas Regional Unit] of the Arkansas Department of Correction is in Lee County.The Lee County Courthouse in located in the town of Marianna, which is the county seat.
Politics
Since World War II, Lee County has voted for the Democratic presidential candidate in all but two elections: 1948, when it voted for third-party Strom Thurmond rather than for Harry Truman, and in 1972, when formerly Democratic voters crossed party lines and voted for Republican Richard Nixon. The former comes with the caveat that Black people could not vote in the South in 1948, and the latter was the last year that white conservatives dominated county politics. Following passage and enforcement of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, newly registered African Americans began to support Democratic Party candidates. They have largely maintained this affiliation. Most whites have shifted into the Republican Party since the 1970s, and major population loss combined with the state's hard right turn has made the county tightly close in recent elections. Despite being a Democratic stronghold, in 2020 Donald Trump became the first Republican since 1972 to come within 5% of winning the county.Communities
Towns
Unincorporated communities
Townships
- Big Creek
- Council
- Fleener
- Hampton
- Hardy
- Independence
- Oak Forest
- Richland
- St. Francis
- Spring Creek
- Texas
- Union