Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship
Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship is one of Poland's 16 voivodeships.
It was created on 1 January 1999 and is situated in mid-northern Poland, on the boundary between the two historic regions, from which it takes its name: Kuyavia and Pomerania.
Its two chief cities, serving as the province's joint capitals, are Bydgoszcz and Toruń.
History
The Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship was created on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998. It consisted of territory from the former Bydgoszcz, Toruń and Włocławek Voivodeships.The area now known as Kuyavia–Pomerania was previously divided between the region of Kuyavia, Dobrzyń Land, Pomerania, and Greater Poland. Of the two principal cities of today's Kuyavian–Pomeranian voivodeship, one was historically located in Kuyavia, while the other was an important town of Chełmno Land.
Administration and territory
The functions of regional capital are split between Bydgoszcz and Toruń. Bydgoszcz serves as the seat of the centrally appointed governor or voivode, while Toruń is the seat of the elected Regional Assembly, and of the executive elected by that assembly, headed by the voivodeship marshal.The Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship is bordered by five other voivodeships. These are Pomeranian Voivodeship to the north, Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship to the north-east, Masovian Voivodeship to the east, Łódź Voivodeship across a short boundary to the south, and Greater Poland Voivodeship to the south and west.
Cities and towns
The voivodeship contains 5 cities and 47 towns. These are listed below in descending order of population :Economy
The Gross domestic product of the province was 21.8 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 4.4% of Polish economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 17,300 euros or 57% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 64% of the EU average.Transportation
Transportation infrastructure is of critical importance to the voivodeship's economy. Kuyavia-Pomerania is a major node in the Polish transportation system. Railway lines from the South and East pass through Bydgoszcz to connect to the major ports on the Baltic Sea. In addition to this, Bydgoszcz is home to the rolling stock manufacturer PESA SA, Poland's largest and most modern producer of railway and tram products. The province's sole international airport, Ignacy Jan Paderewski Airport, is located in Bydgoszcz and has connections to a number of European destinations as well as Warsaw, which are all operated by either Irish carrier Ryanair or LOT Polish Airlines.The main railway stations of the province are Bydgoszcz main station and Toruń main station; both stations are served by fast PKP Intercity trains which connect them with the capital Warsaw, as well as other major Polish cities. In addition to these fast express services, iregional trains on electrified lines are operated by the Polregio, while regional rail transportation on unelectrified lines within the voivodeship are provided by Arriva RP, a private firm to which the provincial government subcontracted the provision of rail transport.
The A1 and S5 highways pass through the province, with the S10 also under construction.
All major towns of the province have municipal transportation companies operating buses, while Bydgoszcz, Toruń and Grudziądz also have extensive tram systems.
Politics
The Kuyavian-Pomeranian voivodeship's government is headed by the province's voivode ' who is appointed by the Polish Prime Minister. The voivode is then assisted in performing his duties by the voivodeship's marshal, who is the appointed speaker for the voivodeship's executive and is elected by the sejmik '. The current voivode of Kuyavia-Pomerania is Ewa Monika Mes, and the present marshal is Piotr Całbecki.The Sejmik of Kuyavia-Pomerania consists of 33 members.
Governors
| Name | Period |
| Józef Rogacki | 1 January 1999 – 21 October 2001 |
| Romuald Kosieniak | 21 October 2001 – 26 January 2006 |
| Józef Ramlau | 26 January 2006 – 24 July 2006 |
| Marzenna Drab | 24 July 2006 – 7 November 2006 |
| Zbigniew Hoffmann | 7 November 2006 – 29 November 2007 |
| Rafał Bruski | 29 November 2007 – 13 December 2010 |
| Ewa Mes | 14 December 2010–present |
Administrative division
The Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship is divided into 23 counties : 4 city counties and 19 land counties. These are further divided into 144 gminas.The counties are listed in the following table.
Protected areas
Protected areas in Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship include the nine Landscape Parks listed below.- Brodnica Landscape Park
- Chełmno Landscape Park
- Gopło Landscape Park
- Górzno-Lidzbark Landscape Park
- Gostynin-Włocławek Landscape Park
- Krajna Landscape Park
- Tuchola Landscape Park
- Vistula Landscape Park
- Wda Landscape Park
Sights and tourism
There are eight Historic Monuments of Poland and one World Heritage Site in the voivodeship:- Medieval Town of Toruń
- Old Town of Chełmno
- Biskupin archeological reserve
- Graduation towers, saline and spa parks of Ciechocinek
- Grudziądz Granaries
- Lubostroń Palace and Park Complex
- Norbertine monastery complex with the Romanesque Saint Procopius Church and the Romanesque-Gothic-Baroque Holy Trinity Church in Strzelno
- Włocławek Cathedral
Włocławek, Toruń and Bydgoszcz contain preserved Gothic cathedrals. Locations of historic
monasteries include Chełmno, Grudziądz, Mogilno, Rywałd and Skępe. In Gąsawa, there is the 17th-century Saint Nicolas Church with a unique collection of multi-layered mural paintings, dating back several centuries.
There are three spa towns: Ciechocinek, Inowrocław and Wieniec-Zdrój.
Major museums and art galleries are located in Bydgoszcz, Toruń and Włocławek, including the Leon Wyczółkowski Regional Museum in Bydgoszcz, District Museum in Toruń and Museum of Kuyavia and Dobrzyń Land in Włocławek. The more unique museums include:
- Copernicus House in Toruń, museum dedicated to Nicolaus Copernicus
- European Museum of Money at the former Polish Royal Mint in Bydgoszcz
- Museum of Toruń Gingerbread in Toruń
- Museum of Far Eastern Art in the Under the Star Tenement House in Toruń
- Andrzej Szwalbe Collection of Historical Pianos at the palace in Ostromecko, one of two largest such collections in Poland
- Narrow Gauge Railway Museum in Wenecja
- Exploseum in Bydgoszcz, operated at the site of a former Nazi German arms factory.
Other notable sights include the Bydgoszcz Canal, connecting Bydgoszcz and Nakło nad Notecią, the Battle of Koronowo Monument, and monuments do distinguished people from the region, including cryptologist Marian Rejewski, writer Jan Kasprowicz, and surgeon Ludwik Rydygier, the first surgeon in the world to carry out a peptic ulcer resection.
Sports
Motorcycle speedway, basketball and volleyball enjoy the largest following in the province. The KS Toruń and Polonia Bydgoszcz clubs are among the most accomplished speedway clubs in the country and contest the Pomeranian-Kuyavian Derby, one of the fiercest speedway rivalries.Since the establishment of the province, several major international sports competitions were co-hosted by the province, including the EuroBasket 2009, 2009 Women's European Volleyball Championship, 2010 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, EuroBasket Women 2011, 2013 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, 2014 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship, 2019 FIFA U-20 World Cup, 2025 Speedway of Nations and 2026 World Athletics Indoor Championships.
Curiosities
- Brześć Kujawski, Bydgoszcz, Dobrzyń nad Wisłą, Gniewkowo and Inowrocław were medieval ducal seats of the Piast dynasty.
- Bydgoszcz and Toruń, although not capitals of Poland, hosted sessions of the Polish Parliament. Bydgoszcz in 1520, Toruń in 1576 and 1626.
- Toruń served as the temporary Polish capital in 1809.
- Medieval municipal rights modelled after Chełmno, known as Chełmno rights, became the basis of municipal form of government for various cities and towns of the region and beyond, including Warsaw.
- The Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship is one of four first-level administrative divisions containing the name of the historic region of Pomerania, the other being the Pomeranian Voivodeship and West Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland, and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in Germany.