Kurt Matthaei
Franz Georg Kurt Matthaei was a German lawyer and a Nazi Party politician that was active in the takeover of the government of the state of Schaumburg-Lippe and then served as the head of several governmental districts in Nazi Germany. He was a supporter of several neo-Nazi political parties in post-war Germany.
Early life
Kurt Matthaei was born in Nienburg, the son of the Oberbürgermeister of Hamm. He attended the Hamm Gymnasium and obtained his Abitur in 1907. He then studied law and political science at the University of Göttingen and the University of Münster. He passed the first state law examination in July 1911 and began his training as a Referendar at the district court in Warendorf. Between 1911 and 1912, he fulfilled his military service obligation as a one-year volunteer with the 13th Infantry Regiment, headquartered at Münster. At the outbreak of the First World War, he reentered the Imperial German Army as an officer candidate and fought on the western front. He was wounded in the First Battle of the Marne in September 1914 and was commissioned as a Leutnant in October. He served as a company commander and was wounded again at the Battle of Verdun in August 1916. Awarded the Iron Cross, 2nd class, he served as a military lawyer and was discharged after the end of the war in November 1918. From 1 June 1919, he worked as the head of welfare in the, which was incorporated into the city of Dortmund in April 1928. On 1 May 1930, he lost his job due to his political views. He entered politics and was elected as an alderman in Marl.Nazi Party career
On 1 November 1932, Matthaei became a member of the Nazi Party. After the Nazi seizure of power at the national level, they began the process of assuming control of all the Länder in a process that came to be known as Gleichschaltung. In early March 1933, the Reich government dispatched Reichskommissars to all the German states not yet governed by Nazis. On 8 March 1933, Wilhelm Frick, the Reich Interior Minister appointed Matthaei as the Reichskommissar for the Free State of Schaumburg-Lippe and entrusted him with the exercise of police powers. This provoked the resignation of the existing state government of the Social Democrat. Matthaei also was elected to the provincial parliament of the Province of Westphalia and was appointed as the state's plenipotentiary to the Reichsrat, where he would represent the state's interests at the national legislature.On 1 April 1933, after a Nazi government under Hans-Joachim Riecke had been installed, Matthaei left Schaumburg-Lippe to become the Landrat in the Recklinghausen District. In addition, he was appointed as a deputy member to the Prussian State Council where he would serve until that body's dissolution on 8 July 1933. On 5 July 1933, he was advanced to the post of the Regierungspräsident of the Münster Region. From 1933 to 1935, he also served as the chairman of the Main Committee of the German Association for Public and Private Welfare. Due to disagreements with the Party leadership of Gau Westphalia-North over his positive attitude toward Christianity, on 21 October 1934 he was removed from his post in Münster and transferred to become the president of the Lüneburg District on 1 November. While in Lüneburg, he also was the chairman of the regional Nazi Party court from 1936 to 1938 and, from December 1939 to March 1941, the representative of the Nazi Party Office of Racial Policy. During the Second World War, Matthaei was assigned as a special representative of the leadership staff of Kiev in the Reichskommissariat Ukraine from July 1943 until March 1944 when he retired from his posts and settled in Dannenberg.