Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary

The Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary is located at the Balasore district of Odisha, India. The sanctuary is spread across in the Eastern Ghats. It is connected with Simlipal National Park via the Sukhupada and Nato hill ranges.

Geography

Kuldiha was officially declared a sanctuary on 4 January 1984. It is located in Kuldiha and is known for the Mayurbhanj Elephant Reserve which spreads across Simlipal, Kuldiha, and Hadgarh wildlife reserves.
Aside from being an environmental reserve, the sanctuary offers night-stay accommodation at Kuldiha entrance, Jadachua, and Rishia in the form of huts, tents, and concrete houses. A watch tower at Garsimulia allows for wildlife observation, but is typically closed during the peak monsoon season due to heavy rains and flooding.
In early 2012, a major fire was reported to have engulfed both Simlipal and Kuldiha forests, causing significant damage to their flora and fauna. In the following year, on, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) declared the sanctuary an ecologically sensitive zone.

The sanctuary is primarily composed of dense forests featuring sishu, sal, piyasal, mango, bahera, jamun, and simul trees. There are also 24 different species of orchid discovered so far. The fauna includes wild cats, elephants, long-tailed monkeys, leopards, gaurs, and giant squirrels. Bird species include peafowl, hill mynas, and hornbills.

Odisha's government operates the Kuldiha sanctuary as a community-based PPP model with an ecotourism focus.