Knights Valley AVA
Knights Valley is an American Viticultural Area located in Sonoma County, California encompassing an approximate long by wide valley landform named Knights Valley. As one of the Sonoma's five original viticultural areas, Knights Valley was established as the nation's 51st, the state's 33rd and the county's fifth appellation on October 21, 1983, by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, United [States Department of the Treasury|Treasury] after reviewing the petition submitted by The Knights Valley Wine-Growers Committee, an organization of grape/wine industry members and signed by 16 persons, proposing a viticultural area in northeastern Sonoma County named "Knights Valley."
The area encompasses approximately with over 30 growers cultivating under vine. In the easternmost Sonoma County region, Knights Valley has the warmest climate in the county. Its
northernmost boundary line runs slightly to the north of Pine Mountain; the southernmost boundary line borders the petrified forest area immediately to the north of Porter Creek. The Sonoma County line bordering Lake County and Napa County outlines the eastern section of the viticultural area. The western section is adjacent to the boundaries of Alexander Valley and Chalk Hill viticultural areas. The plant hardiness zone ranges from 9a to 10a.
History
In 1843, a Mexican land grant was given to José de los Santos Berreyesa as a reward from List of governors of [California before 1850#Mexican governors of California |Governor] Manuel Micheltorena for his years of distingush military service at the Presidio of Sonoma from 1840 to 1842. Known as Rancho Mallacomes, Mallacomes Valley and Agua Caliente |Agua Caliente] was within this grant. The valley became Berreyesa's private hunting preserve where he built an adobe hunting lodge that remains to this day. In 1850, after the Mexican–American War, California became part of the United States. Berreyesa married Francisca Ignacis Martínez, a twin daughter of Ygnacio Martínez. The couple had four sons and two daughters between 1848 and 1856. Berreyesa remained in California until his death in Martinez, California on October 30, 1864.Thomas B. Knight, a native of Maine and participant in the 1846 Bear Flag Revolt at Sonoma bought a large portion of Rancho Mallacomes from Berryessa and received title to the land in 1853. He named it Rancho Muristood, added a second story to the lodge and planted vineyards, peaches, apples and wheat. Mallocomes Valley would later be renamed "Knights Valley." It's documented that Knight grew of wine grapes, thought to have been planted in 1874, and shipped to wineries in Napa Valley.
Terroir
Topography
The viticultural area ranges in elevation from to slightly over. The valley area encompasses ranges in elevation from. The upland areas contain fairly rugged peaks that are over in elevation, e.g., Pine Mountain--, Red Hill--, and Mount Saint Helena--. The areas currently used for grape production are consistently higher in elevation than the
grape-growing areas in the adjacent Alexander Valley, Chalk Hill, Russian River Valley, and Napa Valley areas. The differences in elevation between this area and the surrounding areas became significantly evident when the many hill "islands" and peninsulas
in the upper elevations capable of quality grape production were fully developed into producing vineyards.
Climate
The climate in the viticultural area is typically Mediterranean, i.e., characterized by warm, dry summers and mild, cool, moist winters moderated by its proximity to the Pacific Ocean, isolation from large valleys and low mountain elevation. The valley area has an average annual rainfall of, temperature of, and a frost-free season of 220–270 days. The upland areas are generally wetter, cooler, and have shorter frost-free season than the valley area. Rainfall in the valley area is similar, but slightly higher than the Alexander Valley. The Sonoma Valley and portions of the Napa Valley area receive significantly less rainfall. The viticultural area exemplifies the general temperature trend of Sonoma County, i.e., rising from south to north. Temperatures in the valley area are similar to those in the lower portion of the Alexander Valley area, but average slightly less due to the higher elevation. The growing season is usually shorter than the growing season in adjacent viticultural areas. Under the climatic region concept developed by Amerine and Winkler, the viticultural area is classified as Region II, i.e., the sum of the mean daily temperature above, expressed in temperature-time values of degree days for each day in the period April–October of any given year, is generally 3,001-3,500 for the viticultural area. The northern portions of the Napa Valley and Alexander Valley areas are also classified as Region III, while the Chalk Hill, area is classified as Region II, i.e., 2,500-3,000 degree days.Soils
The soils in the valley and mountainous upland areas of the viticultural area are distinct from each other. This is due to the different parent material from which the soils were formed, i.e., alluvial in the valley and indurated rock in the uplands. The valley soils are derived from parent material of a relatively young geologic age, while the upland soils are derived from older parent material. The upland soils in the areas north and south of the valley area are derived from different-types of parent material. The soils in the northern area are derived from "Franciscan Formation" parent material laid down in the Jura-Cretaceous period, while the soils in the southern area are derived from parent material known as "Sonoma Volcanics" laid down in the late Pliocene to early Pleistocene epoch. The contrast in soils derived from these parent materials allows for an easy distinction between the valley area andthe northern a nd southern upland areas. Adjacent areas are also characterized by soils derived from alluvial materialand indurated rock. However, there are differences in the parent materials from
which the soils were formed. The Napa Valley area to the southeast is primarily
surrounded by uplands with soils derived from "Pleistocene Volcanic" formations whereas the Alexander and Dry Creek areas to the northwest are surrounded by uplands with soils derived from both "Franciscan Formation" and "Dry Creek Conglomerate" parent materials. The valley soils in the viticultural area are primarily of the
Yolo-Cortina-Pleasanton association. The soils in the northern and southern upland areas are primarily of the Yorkville-Suther and Goulding-Toomes-Guenoc associations, respectively. However, the eastern portion of these areas, along the Sonoma County line, is characterized by soils of the Kidd-Forward-Cohasset association. Much of
the Dry Creek and Alexander Valley areas are characterized by the same type of soil associations; however, the soils adjacent to the Russian River in the Alexander Valley area are deep, fertile soils not generally represented in the viticultural area. The
Sonoma Valley which lies to the south along the eastern Sonoma County line and the Napa Valley viticultural area are also characterized by highly fertile soils. The soils used for grape production in the viticultural area are generally characterized by low
fertility; many are rocky and gravelly and others exhibit a low pH.
Viticulture
Several producers label their wines with the Knights Valley appellation. The three largest producers of Knights Valley designated wines are Beringer Vineyards, Kendall Jackson Winery,, and . The four most prestigious and highest quality growers being , , and .Knights Valley is the warmest of Sonoma County's viticulture areas protected from direct Pacific Ocean influence. Warm afternoons and cool evenings provide the ideal environment for growing Bordeaux grape varieties. Cabernet Sauvignon remains the star in the valley. Also present are the rest of the Meritage blend: Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Malbec, and Petit Verdot, as well as Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Viognier, Syrah, and some limited plantings of other varietals.