Kerr County, Texas


Kerr County is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, the population was 52,598, and was estimated to be 53,990 in 2024. The county seat and the largest city is Kerrville. The county was named by Joshua D. Brown for his fellow Kentucky native James Kerr, a congressman of the Republic of Texas. The Kerrville, TX Micropolitan statistical area includes all of Kerr County.

History

Around 8000 BC, early Native American inhabitants arrived in the area, with numerous successive cultures following in prehistoric times. Historic tribes encountered by Europeans included the Kiowa, Comanche, and Lipan Apache.
In 1842, the Adelsverein Fisher–Miller Land Grant set aside to settle 600 families and single men of German, Dutch, Swiss, Danish, Swedish, and Norwegian ancestry in Texas. Henry Francis Fisher sold his interest in the land grant to the Adelsverein in 1844.
In 1845, Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels secured the title to of the Veramendi grant, including the Comal Springs and River, for the Adelsverein. Thousands of German immigrants were stranded at port of disembarkation, Indianola on Matagorda Bay. With no food or shelter, living in holes dug into the ground, an estimated 50% died from disease or starvation. Joshua Brown, in 1846, became the first settler.
The Texas State Convention of Germans met in San Antonio on May 14–15, 1854, and adopted a political, social, and religious platform, including: 1) Equal pay for equal work, 2) Direct election of the President of the United States, 3) Abolition of capital punishment, 4) “Slavery is an evil, the abolition of which is a requirement of democratic principles..”, 5) Free schools – including universities – supported by the state, without religious influence, and 6) Total separation of church and state. The next year, United States Army post Camp Verde was established.
Kerr County was formed in 1856 from Bexar Land District Number 2. Joshua Brown donated the land that became Kerrville, and had it named for his friend James Kerr. Kerrville was named the county seat. The U.S. Camel Corps, headquartered at Verde, was the brainchild of United States Secretary of War Jefferson Davis.
Center Point was established in 1859.
In 1860–1861, the county population was 634, including 49 slaves. The Sons of Hermann lodge, for descendants of German heritage, was established in the county. The lodge is named for German chieftain folk hero Hermann the Cherusker. A bitterly divided Kerr County voted 76–57 in 1861 for secession from the Union, with most German residents being against it. Unionists from Kerr, Gillespie, and Kendall Counties participated in the formation of the Union League, an organization which supported president Abraham Lincoln's policies. The Union League formed companies to protect the frontier against Indians and their families against local Confederate forces. Conscientious objectors to the military draft were primarily among Tejanos and Germans. Confederate authorities imposed martial law on Central Texas. The Nueces massacre occurred in Kinney County. Jacob Kuechler served as a guide for 61 conscientious objectors attempting to flee to Mexico. Scottish-born Confederate irregular James Duff and his Duff's Partisan Rangers pursued and overtook them at the Nueces River; 34 were killed, some executed after being taken prisoner. Jacob Kuechler survived the battle. The cruelty shocked the people of Gillespie County. About 2,000 took to the hills to escape Duff's reign of terror. Spring Creek Cemetery near Harper in Gillespie County has a singular grave with the names Sebird Henderson, Hiram Nelson, Gus Tegener, and Frank Scott. The inscription reads, “Hanged and thrown in Spring Creek by Col. James Duff’s Confederate Regiment.”
The Treue der Union Monument in Comfort was dedicated to the Texans slain at the Nueces massacre August 10, 1866. It is the only monument to the Union outside of the National Cemeteries on Confederate territory, and is one of only six such sites allowed to fly the United States flag at half-mast in perpetuity.
The Y O Ranch was founded in 1880 by Charles Armand Schreiner, who had opened a store in the area in 1869.
In 1876, Lipan Apaches raided near Center Point in one of the last raids made by Native Americans in the county.
On October 5, 1878, the last Indian raid in the county occurred at the present day community of Mountain Home, when four children of the Dowdy family were murdered by either Kickapoos or Lipan Apaches.
In 1887, the San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway was built through Kerrville. The American Legion of Texas established what eventually was called the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kerrville, in 1919.
The Schreiner Institute was established in Kerrville from 1917 to 1923. In 1926, Ora Johnson established Camp Waldemar Christian girls camp in Hunt.
Mooney Aircraft was established in 1929 in Kerrville.
Kerrville was begun to be called the "Mohair Capital of the World" in 1930.
The Sid Peterson Memorial Hospital was completed in 1949.
Kerrville State Hospital opened in 1951.

2025 Central Texas floods

During the 2025 Independence Day weekend, the county was affected by catastrophic flash flooding after more than 20 inches of rain rapidly fell in and around Kerr County. Numerous flash flood emergencies were issued in Kerr County along the Guadalupe River. According to local authorities, at least 107 people in Kerr County died in the flooding, which killed at least 135 people overall.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of, of which is land and is water. It is the 48th largest county in Texas by total area.

Major highways

As of the fourth quarter of 2024, the median home value in Kerr County was $298,747.
As of the 2023 American Community Survey, there are 22,267 estimated households in Kerr County with an average of 2.29 persons per household. The county has a median household income of $67,927. Approximately 12.0% of the county's population lives at or below the poverty line. Kerr County has an estimated 54.4% employment rate, with 31.2% of the population holding a bachelor's degree or higher and 90.3% holding a high school diploma.
The top five reported ancestries were English, Spanish, Indo-European, Asian and Pacific Islander, and Other.
The median age in the county was 48.6 years.
Kerr County, Texas – racial and ethnic composition
Race / ethnicity Pop. 1980Pop. 1990Pop. 2000Pop. 2010
White alone 23,993
29,303
33,802
35,851
35,791
Black or African American alone 741
752
738
739
690
Native American or Alaska Native alone 62
104
154
207
156
Asian alone 66
128
212
361
576
Pacific Islander alone ——16
19
39
Other race alone 40
23
12
38
187
Mixed race or multiracial ——366
515
1,561
Hispanic or Latino 3,878
5,994
8,353
11,895
13,598
Total28,780
36,304
43,653
49,625
52,598

2024 estimate

As of the 2024 estimate, there were 53,900 people and 22,267 households residing in the county. The population density was. There were 26,122 housing units at an average density of. The racial makeup of the county was 92.9% White , 2.2% African American, 1.3% Native American, 1.5% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, _% from some other races and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 27.6% of the population.

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, there were 52,598 people, 22,060 households, and 14,302 families residing in the county, and the median age was 50.6 years. 17.7% of residents were under the age of 18 and 30.3% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 94.3 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 92.1 males age 18 and over.
The population density was. There were 25,200 housing units at an average density of ; 12.5% of the units were vacant, 71.8% of occupied units were owner-occupied, and 28.2% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.8% and the rental vacancy rate was 8.7%.
Of the 22,060 households, 22.6% had children under the age of 18 living in them, 49.7% were married-couple households, 17.5% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 27.6% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 30.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.
The racial makeup of the county was 75.5% White, 1.5% Black or African American, 0.6% American Indian and Alaska Native, 1.2% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 7.2% from some other race, and 13.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 25.9% of the population.
60.5% of residents lived in urban areas, while 39.5% lived in rural areas.