Kārlis Balodis
Kārlis Balodis was a notable Latvian economist, financist, statistician and demographist. Most notably, he is the author of civilian rationing, which was first used in Germany during the First World War. Balodis has received the Grand Gold Medal of the Russian Academy of Sciences, as well as the Dmitry Tolstoy Prize.
Biography
He was the youngest among three children; his grandfather was a preacher at the Vidzeme's church. Carl lost his father and mother early in his life. The family moved to Riga, where they lived in very cramped conditions.He was self-taught, and in 1883, as external candidate, he graduated from gymnasium in Jelgava.
He studied theology in Dorpat during 1884-1887. In 1888, he was ordained as a Lutheran pastor and went to Brazil, where in 1889-1891, he unsuccessfully tried to establish a Latvian colony. In 1891-1892, he studied geography at the University of Jena in Germany and defended his doctoral thesis. In 1893-1895, he served as a Lutheran pastor in the Urals, and wrote studies on demography and statistics. In 1895, he moved back to Germany again, and studied economics at the Universities of Munich and Strasbourg.
He became known as the demographer after the publication of his book "Mortality, age composition and longevity of the Russian Orthodox population of both sexes" in 1851-1890.
Career
Between 1884 and 1887, Kārlis studied theology at the University of Tartu. In 1888, he was sent to Brazil to work as a Lutheran minister. In 1891 and 1892, he studied geography at the University of Jena. Between 1893 and 1895, he worked as a minister in the Ural Mountains region, and wrote his first researches on demography and statistics. In 1895, he started studying economics at the University of Munich.After 1899, Balodis worked as an associate professor at the University of Berlin. In 1905, he became an employee of the Prussian Statistics Office, and in 1908, he started work at the German Federal Ministry of Finance. In 1918, he became the first chairman of the Deutsches Pro Palästina Komitee zur Förderung der jüdischen Palästina-Siedlung . In 1919, he worked on the civilian rationing system.
After the war, Balodis returned to Latvia, where he became a professor at the University of Latvia. In 1928, he was elected to the 3rd Saeima, representing the Labour League of Latvia. He died on 13 January 1931, during the session of the 3rd Saeima, and his seat was filled by Pēteris Zālīte.