Karakash River
The Karakash River or the Black Jade River is a river in the Xinjiang autonomous region of the People's Republic of China that originates in Aksai Chin. It passes through the historical settlement of Shahidulla and passes by the city of Hotan to flow northeast in the Tarim Basin. It merges with the Yurungkash River, the combined river taking the name Hotan River and flowing into the Tarim River.
Course
The river begins above about northeast of Galwan Kangri peak in Aksai Chin. It flows north to Sumnal, then turns sharply eastwards, flowing at the foot of the Karatagh Range. Just beyond Palong Karpo, it reaches the foot of the Kunlun Mountains, where it turns sharply northwestwards, and crosses into Xinjiang proper. At this location it receives another headwater now called the 'East Karakash River'. The combined river flows past the towns of Sumgal, Fotash, Gulbashem, until it reaches Xaidulla.The river then turns sharply northeastwards near Xaidulla, and, after passing through Ali Nazar cuts through the Kunlun mountain range near the Suget or Sanju Pass. It passes by Khotan to its west, running parallel to the Yurungkash River, which it joins near Koxlax. The combined river is called the Hotan River, which flows into the Tarim River.
History
The Karakash River is famous for its white and greenish jade carried as river boulders and pebbles toward Khotan, as does the nearby Yurungkash River. This river jade originates from eroded mountain deposits of which the most famous one is near Gulbashen, in southwestern Xinjiang. Black nephrite is also abundant in the Karakash River but these deposits are rarely reported in the primary nephrite finds.The Karakash Valley was also a caravan road for the north–south trade between Yarkand and Leh over the Karakoram Pass in Leh District of Ladakh.