Kandersteg
Kandersteg is a municipality in the Frutigen-Niedersimmental administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located along the valley of the River Kander, west of the Jungfrau massif. It is noted for its spectacular mountain scenery and sylvan alpine landscapes. Tourism is a very significant part of its economic life today. It offers outdoor activities year-round, with hiking trails and mountain climbing as well as downhill and cross-country skiing. Kandersteg hosted the ski jumping and Nordic combined parts of the 2018 Nordic Junior World Ski Championships.
Recent landslide risk
There has been a heightened landslide threat in Kandersteg since 2018, when paragliders noticed that Spitzer Stein, a nearby rocky peak, was losing height and that bits of it had broken off.Historically, there have been landslides in the Oeschinen Lake and Kander river valley region.
The area's seismic activity calmed down about 3000 years ago, but has now reactivated, and thawing permafrost has weakened rock structures that were previously frozen solid.
Officials have been more closely monitoring the Spitzer Stein after a neighbouring village of Blatten was buried due to a glacier collapse and rockslide on 28 May 2025.
The unstable rock at Spitzer Stein is around 16 to 20 million cubic meters, compared to the 9 million cubic meters that fell on Blatten.
Monitoring via exploratory drilling and geo-radar measurement indicates movement of a "large to very large" rock mass which, in the summer months, has velocities that exceed 10 cm per day.
Kandersteg has spent over 11 million Swiss francs on preparedness, including two dams on the Öschibach stream and a debris flow network.
The area below the Oeschinen Lake landslide scar has been closed off, and paths in the Oeschiwald trail network were closed in July 2025 due to rain causing heavy runoff and debris flows in the Oeschibach stream.
Researchers check the mountain using GPS, radar, and drones.
Kandersteg relies on for hazard management, the associated geological analyses, and the safety planning.
In the event of a major rock movement, residents expect to receive an advance warning of at least 48 hours.
History
Kandersteg is first mentioned, together with Kandergrund, in 1352 as der Kandergrund.Prehistorically the area was lightly settled. However, several late-neolithic or early Bronze Age bows have been found on the Lötschberg glaciers and a Bronze Age needle was found in the Golitschenalp. From the Roman era a bridge and part of a road were discovered in the village.
Until 1909 Kandersteg was politically and religiously part of Kandergrund. In 1511 the parish built a chapel in Kandersteg, which survived the iconoclasm of the Protestant Reformation in 1530. It became a filial church of the parish in Kandergrund between 1840 and 1860 and in 1910 became the parish church of the Kandersteg parish. A Roman Catholic church was built in 1927.
Traditionally the local economy relied on seasonal alpine herding and farming and supporting trade over the alpine passes. In the 17th and 18th centuries sulfur mining began in the Oeschinenalp. A match factory opened in the village in the 19th century to take advantage of the sulfur. Beginning around 1850, the municipality grew into a tourist destination. Between 1855 and 1890 five hotels opened and by 1913 there were 19 hotels. The population grew dramatically during construction of the Lötschberg Tunnel and the Lötschberg railway line between 1906 and 1913. The new railroad line and tunnel allowed ever increasing numbers of tourists to visit Kandersteg. A chair lift to Oeschinen Lake opened in 1948, followed by a cable car to the valley floor in 1951. A ski jump was built in 1979. The Kandersteg International Scout Centre opened in 1923.
Geography
Kandersteg is located on the northern side of the Bernese Alps at an altitude of above sea level at the foot of the Lötschen and Gemmi Passes. The village, with 1200 inhabitants, lies in the upper Kander Valley. The municipality extends over a territory encompassing the valleys of Gastern and Oeschinen. It includes the villages of Kandersteg and Gastern.Kandersteg is surrounded by high mountains. The Balmhorn, bordering the canton of Valais to the south, is the highest in the valley; it is followed by the Blüemlisalp, east of the village. The Gross Lohner is the highest summit between the Kander Valley and the valley of Adelboden on the west.
The Bunderchrinde Pass connects Kandersteg to Adelboden, whilst the Hohtürli Pass on the east connects Kandersteg to Griesalp in the Kiental valley. Neither pass carries a road, but both form part of the Alpine Pass Route, a long-distance hiking trail across Switzerland between Sargans and Montreux that passes through the village.
The largest lake in the valley is lake Oeschinen. It is located at east of Kandersteg, at the foot of the Blüemlisalp massif. The Gastern Valley is an almost closed off valley. At the upper end of the valley lies the Kander Glacier, the source of the long Kander river. The Gastern Valley is on the way to the high Lötschen Pass.
Part of the municipality is located within the Jungfrau-Aletsch area, declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2001 and extended in 2007. The area comprises Lake Oeschinen and the Gastern Valley.
Kandersteg has an area of. Of this area, or 13.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 11.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 1.0% is settled, or 1.9% is either rivers or lakes and or 72.1% is unproductive land.
Of the built up area, housing and buildings make up 0.4% and transportation infrastructure make up 0.4%. Of the forested land, 8.8% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.3% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 1.2% is pastures and 12.0% is used for alpine pastures. Of the water in the municipality, 1.0% is in lakes and 0.9% is in rivers and streams. Of the unproductive areas, 10.4% is unproductive vegetation, 43.1% is too rocky for vegetation and 18.6% of the land is covered by glaciers.
The municipality is located in the upper most section of the Kander river valley, along with parts of the Gastern and Oeschinen valleys and part of the Blümlisalp mountain. It consists of the Bäuert of Kandersteg, which includes the village of Kandersteg and the Bäuert of Gastern.
On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Frutigen, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Frutigen-Niedersimmental.
Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is ''Azure a Foot-bridge in pale Or and in chief Argent an Eagle displayed Sable.''Demographics
Kandersteg has a population of. , 17.9% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has changed at a rate of 4.3%. Migration accounted for 9.7%, while births and deaths accounted for -4.5%.Most of the population speaks German as their first language, Portuguese is the second most common and English is the third. There are 12 people who speak French, 5 people who speak Italian.
, the population was 48.3% male and 51.7% female. The population was made up of 486 Swiss men and 108 non-Swiss men. There were 525 Swiss women and 112 non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 403 or about 35.4% were born in Kandersteg and lived there in 2000. There were 355 or 31.2% who were born in the same canton, while 154 or 13.5% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 181 or 15.9% were born outside of Switzerland.
, children and teenagers make up 16.2% of the population, while adults make up 61.9% and seniors make up 21.9%.
, there were 436 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 597 married individuals, 72 widows or widowers and 32 individuals who are divorced.
, there were 166 households that consist of only one person and 27 households with five or more people. , a total of 467 apartments were permanently occupied, while 434 apartments were seasonally occupied and 61 apartments were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 32.5 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 3.8%.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
Colors=
id:lightgrey value:gray
id:darkgrey value:gray
ImageSize = width:720 height:250
PlotArea = top:10 left:100 bottom:50 right:100
AlignBars = justify
DateFormat = x.y
Period = from:0 till:3600
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:700 start:0
ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:140 start:0
PlotData=
color:yellowgreen width:40 mark: align:center
bar:1910 from:start till:3554 text:"3,554"
bar:1920 from:start till:727 text:"727"
bar:1930 from:start till:837 text:"837"
bar:1941 from:start till:835 text:"835"
bar:1950 from:start till:913 text:"913"
bar:1960 from:start till:937 text:"937"
bar:1970 from:start till:957 text:"957"
bar:1980 from:start till:959 text:"959"
bar:1990 from:start till:1077 text:"1,077"
bar:2000 from:start till:1137 text:"1,137"
bar:2010 from:start till:1231 text:"1,231"
The population rose sharply between 1906 and 1913 with the construction of the Lötschberg railway line.