Judiciary of Mongolia

The judiciary of Mongolia is made up of a three-tiered court system divided into three branches. For questions of constitutional law there is a separate constitutional court. Besides there are forms of alternative dispute resolution.

First instance

First instance court types are:

District first instance court for civil cases
District first instance court for criminal cases
* Number: 4 each; named after Ulaanbaatar city districts.
Inter-soum first instance court for civil cases
Inter-soum first instance court for criminal cases
* Number: 21 each; named after an aimag.
Inter-soum court
* Number: 8; each named after an aimag's soum.
First instance court for administrative cases
* Number: 22; one for Ulaanbaatar and each aimag.

The Bayan-Ölgii courts of first instance bear alternative Kazakh names.

Appellate instance

Appellate court types are:

Capital city appellate court for civil cases
Capital city appellate court for criminal cases
* Number: 1 each.
Aimag appellate court for civil cases
Aimag appellate court for criminal cases
* Number: 8 each; named after the aimags concerned.
Appellate court for administrative cases
* Number: 1.

Supreme Court

The highest court in Mongolia is the Supreme Court of Mongolia, established in 1927. There are chambers for civil, criminal and administrative cases. The court hears general appeals from courts of lower instance as well as from the Constitutional Court in matters regarding the protection of law and human rights.

Procedure

The courts' procedure is governed by the Law on civil procedure, the Criminal procedure law, the Law on the execution of court decisions, and the Law on administrative procedure.

Court administration

The Judicial General Council of Mongolia is to maintain the independence of the judiciary. The status of judges is determined by a separate law. The number of judges for each court is set by parliament.

Alternative dispute resolution

For commercial disputes there is among others the Mongolian International and National Arbitration Center, established in 1960 at the Mongolian National Chamber of Commerce and Industry. The Law on mediation and conciliation provides for further forms of alternative dispute resolution.

Constitutional court

Mongolia's highest court in constitutional matters is the Constitutional Court of Mongolia. It was established in 1992 and has its own procedural law.