Joshua 22


Joshua 22 is the twenty-second chapter of the Book of Joshua in the Hebrew Bible or in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. According to Jewish tradition the book was attributed to Joshua, with additions by the high priests Eleazar and Phinehas, but modern scholars view it as part of the Deuteronomistic History, which spans the books of Deuteronomy to 2 Kings, attributed to nationalistic and devotedly Yahwistic writers during the time of the reformer Judean king Josiah in 7th century BCE. This chapter records the mediation for the issue of the establishment of an altar on the east back of Jordan River, a part of a section comprising Joshua 22:1–24:33 about the Israelites preparing for life in the land of Canaan.

Text

This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 34 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis, Aleppo Codex, and Codex Leningradensis.
Extant ancient manuscripts of a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint include Codex Vaticanus and Codex Alexandrinus.

Analysis

The narrative of Israelites preparing for life in the land comprising verses 22:1 to 24:33 of the Book of Joshua and has the following outline:

The altar by the Jordan (22:1–12)

Still at Shiloh Joshua addressed the Transjordanian tribes who at outset of the conquest were obliged to participate with them in the war for the land although they had settled in their lands before their fellow-Israelites had crossed the Jordan. After the completion of the conquest and land distribution, they were now permitted to return home, with a strong exhortation to be faithful to God and with Joshua's 'blessing' of them. However, the unity of the people was soon called into question when those two and a half tribes, on their return, erected an altar by the Jordan, on the Israelite side of the border between the two lands and this was interpreted by the Cisjordan Israelites as an act of war, because it apparently challenged the claims of the unified sanctuary of Shiloh.

The Altar of Witness (22:13–34)

The case against the two and a half tribes is outlined in terms of holiness requirements, so the priest Phinehas, rather than Joshua, was sent to talk to those tribes. The alleged sin from building the altar, whether it might make the land across the
Jordan to be ritually 'unclean', and therefore unfit for worship., is compared with two other sins in the religious realm :
  1. the idolatry at Peor in the time of the wilderness wanderings, and
  2. Achan's transgression of the ban on Jericho.
It is the duty of all Israel, as a religious assembly or congregation,to pursue the errant tribes
.
The Transjordan tribes responded by recognizing the unique claims of both YHWH and his altar using the phrase 'The LORD, God of gods' to emphasize a strong affirmation of YHWH's supremacy and the argument that this altar was not itself for sacrifice, but rather, as a copy of the true altar, to symbolize their participation in the worship even when they were on the other side of the Jordan. Thus the altar is named 'witness', for the unity of Israel as well as the preservation of the true faith for future generations.