Joint All-Domain Command and Control
Joint All-Domain Command and Control or JADC2 is the concept that the Department of Defense has developed to connect sensors from all branches of the armed forces into a § unified network powered by artificial intelligence. These branches include the Air Force, Army, Marine Corps, and Navy, as well as Space Force.
Each military branch has its initiative that contributes to JADC2; the Army has Project Convergence, the Navy has Project Overmatch, and the Air Force has the Advanced Battle Management System, also known as ABMS. The Space Force has the Space Development Agency's National Defense Space Architecture. See [|§ Outernet]
One primary application of JADC2 is a request— a call for fire. Combined JADC2 is almost ready for deployment pending Congressional approval of FY2024 funding.
Experimentation
The DoD has held at least two critical JADC2 exercises. The first one, in Florida in December 2019, centered on a simulated threat posed by cruise missiles. This was the very first demonstration of ABMS, which took place during the exercise. Air Force and Navy aircraft, a Navy destroyer, an Army Sentinel radar system, a mobile artillery system, as well as commercial space and ground sensors, demonstrated their ability to collect, analyze, and share data in real-time to provide a more comprehensive picture of the operating environment. For more information, see JADC2 at the Army's Project Convergence experimentsIn July 2020, the Department of Defense carried out a second test of the JADC2 system. In the course of this exercise, planes from the Air Force communicated with naval vessels that were stationed in the Black Sea. Additionally, special operations personnel from eight other NATO nations and a simulated environment collaborated to deter a possible attack from Russia.
In November 2022, ABMS experiments showed how JADC2 is really § combined arms. —Brig. Gen. Jeffery Valenzia
Infrastructure
In 2017, a joint network was proposed for DoD, with a single award meant for a single vendor for $10 billion. Competitive bidding was held, and an award was made but was protested by a competitor. In 2021, the award was canceled; in its place, multiple vendors for an interoperable, compatible network capability with multiple awards were envisioned, by 2022. This capability is to be for $9 billion spread among vendors and is meant to be awarded by mid-December 2022. Pentagon network officials began to envision JWCC as a necessary layer for JADC2. In early December 2022 JWCC was awarded to Google, Amazon, Microsoft, and Oracle.DISA was embarking on upgrading its JWICS, which is top-secret; DISA was using the same vendors as for JWCC, but also including IBM. Combining the JWICS with JWCC, economies of scale allowed a cooperative project of DISA's JWICS with DoD's JWCC. A Top Secret capability is being sought.
JADC2 Services
Decision superiority is an objective of CDAO.By FY2023, other Electromagnetic Battle Management System services will be available in JADC2.
Raytheon BBN demonstrated its Robust Information Provisioning Layer which connects legacy links to ABMS.
A theater-level simulation tool will share data under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement, in order to visualize JADC2 scenarios.
The US Army's Integrated Tactical Network will support JADC2 as a future capability. Integrated Tactical Network Capability Set '25 will implement JADC2, according to the acting head of the Network CFT.
The Air Force's Common Tactical Edge Network joins 9 contractors, exploiting AI. Collins Aerospace demonstrated Combined JADC2 in July 2022.
The Navy's Live, Virtual, and Constructive environment is a training environment for naval operations, so that Navy, Air Force, and Army can train together in a unified way.
The following material is split from Army Futures Command
;Multi-Domain Operations ; Joint warfighting concept
- Multi-Domain Operations : Joint planning and operations are also part of the impending DoD emphasis on multi-domain operations. Multi-domain battalions, first stood up in 2019, comprise a single unit for air, land, space,—and cyber domains. A hypersonic-based battery similar to a THAAD battery is under consideration for this type of battalion, possibly denoted a strategic fires battalion, depending on the theater. In 2019, these capabilities were analyzed as part of a series of globally integrated exercises. Using massive simulation the need for a [|§new kind of command and control] to integrate this firepower was explored.
- *The ability to punch through any standoff defense of a near-peer competitor is the goal which Futures Command is seeking. For example, the combination of F-35-based targeting coordinates, Long range precision fires, and Low-earth-orbit satellite capability overmatches the competition, according to Lt. Gen. Wesley. Critical decisions to meet this goal will be decided by data from the results of the Army's ongoing tests of the prototypes under development.
- *For example, in Long Range Precision Fires, the director of the LRPF CFT envisions one application as an anti-access/area denial probe; this spares resources from the other services; by firing a munition with a thousand-mile range at an adversary, LRPF would force an adversary to respond, which exposes the locations of its countermeasures, and might even expose the location of an adversary force's headquarters. In that situation, an adversary's headquarters would not survive for long, and the adversary's forces would be subject to defeat in detail. But LRPF is only one part of the strategy of overmatch by a Combatant commander.
- *In August–September 2020. at Yuma Proving Ground, the US Army engaged in a five-week exercise to rapidly merge multiple-domain capabilities. The exercise prototyped a ground tactical Network, pushing it to its limits of robustness in the effort to penetrate anti-access/area denial with long-range fires. Longer-range fires are under development, ranging from hundreds of miles to over 1,000 miles, with yearly iterations of Project Convergence being planned.
- ** MDO and JADC2 thus entails:
- **# Penetrate phase: satellites detect enemy shooters
- **# Dis-integrate phase: airborne assets remove enemy long-range fires
- **# Kinetic effect phase: Army shooters, using targeting data from aircraft and other sensors, fire on enemy targets.
- ** Army Chief of Staff Gen. James C. McConville will discuss the combination of MDO and JADC2 with Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. Charles Q. Brown. In October 2020 the Chiefs agreed that Futures Command, and the Air Force's A5 office will lead a two-year collaboration 'at the most "basic levels" by defining mutual standards for data sharing and service interfacing' in the development of Combined Joint All-Domain Command and Control.
- *** The ability of the joint services to send data from machine to machine was exercised in front of several of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in April 2021; this is a prerequisite capability for Convergence of MDO and JADC2.
- In July 2022 the 7th ASA Doug Bush called for the formation of a large office on the scale of the Joint Counter-small UAS office, but for JADC2. This would coordinate, and eventually reconcile requirements for JADC2 for Army's Project Convergence, the Navy's Project Overmatch and the Air Force's Advanced Battle Management System. See CDAO
On 19 September 2023 Army Contracting Command-Aberdeen Proving Ground awarded Leidos a contract to provide an electronic platform: equipment and services in support of JADC2.
In February 2024 the Air Force's Brig. Gen. Luke Cropsey warned that phase two of Combined JADC2, which was supposed to go forward in 2024 is not starting because Continuing Resolutions do not fund new program spending —full Congressional budget approval for FY2024 is required for Combined JADC2 to go forward in 2024. ''From: Transformation of the United States Army#cjadc2MeetIn60days''