He was the only son of Major General David Anderson-Gibson of Pentlandand and his wife Helen, only daughter of Sir John Gibsone, also of Pentland. In 1835 he married Jane Louisa Bringloe: they had six children, two sons and four daughters.
In 1830, Gibsone became a cornet. He was promoted to lieutenant in 1833, captain in 1835 and major in 1845. He was present "during almost every occasion" during The Seventh Xhosa War. He was promoted lieutenant colonel in 1847, colonel in 1854 and general in 1862. From 1854 to 1862 he was in command at various cavalry depots.