Jacob and Simon uprising
The Jacob and Simon uprising ; was a revolt instigated in Roman Judea by brothers Simon and Jacob in 46–48CE. The revolt began as a sporadic insurgency and when climaxed in 48 was quickly put down by Roman authorities, and both brothers were executed.
Background
The Crisis under Caligula has been proposed as the "first open break between Rome and the Jews", even though problems were already evident during the Census of Quirinius in 6 and under Sejanus.Josephus' Jewish Antiquities states that there were three main Jewish sects at this time, the Pharisees, the Sadducees, and the Essenes. The so-called Zealots were a "fourth sect" - a sect curiously unnamed in Josephus, just as the zealots clearly did not refer to themselves as "zealots" -, founded by Judas of Galilee against Quirinius' tax reform, shortly after the Roman Empire declared what had most recently been the tetrarchy of Herod Archelaus to be a Roman province, and that they "agree in all other things with the Pharisaic notions; but they have an inviolable attachment to liberty, and say that God is to be their only Ruler and Lord."
According to the Jewish Encyclopedia article on Zealots:
Others have also argued that the group was not so clearly marked out as some have thought.