Intimal hyperplasia

Intimal hyperplasia is the thickening of the tunica intima of a blood vessel as a complication of a reconstruction procedure or endarterectomy. Intimal hyperplasia is the universal response of a vessel to injury. It is a restenosis and this is an important reason of late bypass graft failure, particularly in vein and synthetic vascular grafts.

Cause

Intimal hyperplasia is due to a dysfunction of endothelial cells which results in a reprogramming of the vascular smooth muscle cells. As a result, VSMCs proliferate and change their phenotype.

A possible treatment to avoid this could be hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide works as a vasculoprotective gasotransmitter in the human body but is also tested to reduced intimal hyperplasia. There are different kinds of donors: NaHS and STS.