International dollar


The international dollar, also known as Geary–Khamis dollar, is a hypothetical unit of currency that has the same purchasing power parity that the U.S. dollar had in the United States at a given point in time. It is mainly used in economics and financial statistics for various purposes, most notably to determine and compare the purchasing power parity and gross domestic product of various countries and markets. The year 1990 or 2000 is often used as a benchmark year for comparisons that run through time. The unit is often abbreviated, e.g. 2000 US dollars or 2000 International$.
It is based on the twin concepts of purchasing power parities of currencies and the international average prices of commodities. It shows how much a local currency unit is worth within the country's borders. It is used to make comparisons both between countries and over time. For example, comparing per capita gross domestic product of various countries in international dollars, rather than based simply on exchange rates, provides a more valid measure to compare standards of living. It was proposed by Roy C. Geary in 1958 and developed by Salem Hanna Khamis between 1970 and 1982.
Figures expressed in international dollars cannot be converted to another country's currency using current market exchange rates; instead they must be converted using the country's PPP exchange rate used in the study.

Exchange rate by country

According to IMF, below is the implied PPP rate of International dollar to local currency of respective countries in 2022:
CountryExchange rate in 2022
Albania40.22
Algeria45.28
Andorra0.59
Angola228.27
Antigua and Barbuda2.05
Argentina67.72
Armenia161.51
Aruba1.24
Australia1.51
Austria0.74
Azerbaijan0.67
Bahamas, The0.81
Bahrain0.19
Bangladesh32.11
Barbados2.31
Belarus0.96
Belgium0.77
Belize1.27
Benin202.47
Bhutan20.14
Bolivia2.51
Bosnia and Herzegovina0.71
Botswana4.69
Brazil2.56
Brunei Darussalam0.80
Bulgaria0.79
Burkina Faso192.77
Burundi688.36
Cabo Verde44.33
Cambodia1332.55
Cameroon222.10
Canada1.26
Central African Republic282.81
Chad254.59
Chile460.84
China, People's Republic of4.10
Colombia1424.06
Comoros179.52
Congo, Dem. Rep. of the1007.08
Congo, Republic of389.73
Costa Rica336.75
Croatia3.29
Cyprus0.56
Czech Republic13.38
Côte d'Ivoire234.62
Denmark6.63
Djibouti100.02
Dominica1.68
Dominican Republic24.08
Ecuador0.50
Egypt4.66
El Salvador0.46
Equatorial Guinea337.25
Eritrea4.69
Estonia0.60
Eswatini5.91
Ethiopia17.03
Fiji0.83
Finland0.82
France0.71
Gabon352.20
Gambia, The17.65
Georgia1.00
Germany0.72
Ghana2.71
Greece0.54
Grenada1.53
Guatemala3.88
Guinea4210.30
Guinea-Bissau186.19
Guyana91.64
Haiti55.74
Honduras11.03
Hong Kong SAR5.54
Hungary153.57
Iceland148.06
India23.43
Indonesia4719.26
Iran62381.74
Iraq782.45
Ireland0.74
Israel3.51
Italy0.63
Jamaica79.79
Japan90.39
Jordan0.28
Kazakhstan172.10
Kenya43.00
Kiribati1.09
Korea, Republic of796.49
Kosovo0.34
Kuwait0.23
Kyrgyz Republic21.74
Lao P.D.R.3100.29
Latvia0.53
Lesotho6.31
Liberia0.44
Libya1.52
Lithuania0.49
Luxembourg0.85
Macao SAR4.66
Madagascar1199.19
Malawi318.18
Malaysia1.54
Maldives7.53
Mali203.78
Malta0.55
Marshall Islands1.11
Mauritania12.21
Mauritius16.25
Mexico9.88
Micronesia, Fed. States of1.11
Moldova6.64
Mongolia1064.79
Montenegro0.36
Morocco3.82
Mozambique23.91
Myanmar451.68
Namibia7.18
Nauru1.27
Nepal33.56
Netherlands0.76
New Zealand1.44
Nicaragua11.92
Niger241.31
Nigeria162.33
North Macedonia20.06
Norway11.38
Oman0.22
Pakistan44.27
Palau0.96
Panama0.45
Papua New Guinea2.78
Paraguay2701.54
Peru1.83
Philippines18.78
Poland1.93
Portugal0.56
Puerto Rico0.88
Qatar2.65
Romania1.92
Russian Federation32.11
Rwanda337.15
Saint Kitts and Nevis1.86
Saint Lucia1.77
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines1.46
Samoa1.83
San Marino0.63
Saudi Arabia1.88
Senegal235.10
Serbia42.39
Seychelles7.64
Sierra Leone3327.59
Singapore0.83
Slovak Republic0.50
Slovenia0.56
Solomon Islands7.76
Somalia0.41
South Africa6.98
South Sudan, Republic of181.08
Spain0.59
Sri Lanka74.82
Sudan155.65
Suriname7.46
Sweden8.73
Switzerland1.04
São Tomé and Príncipe10.77
Taiwan14.91
Tajikistan2.36
Tanzania853.89
Thailand11.71
Timor-Leste0.46
Togo223.31
Tonga1.71
Trinidad and Tobago4.71
Tunisia0.95
Turkey4.23
Turkmenistan2.21
Tuvalu1.44
Uganda1298.23
United Arab Emirates2.27
United Kingdom0.67
United States1.00
Uruguay30.82
Uzbekistan2589.68
Vanuatu121.11
Venezuela3.52
Vietnam7174.60
Yemen447.06
Zambia6.09
Zimbabwe356.58

Short description of Geary-Khamis system

This system is valuing the matrix of quantities using the international prices vector. The vector is obtained by averaging the national prices in the participating countries after their conversion into a common currency with PPP and weighing quantities. PPPs are obtained by averaging the shares of national and international prices in the participating countries weighted by expenditure. International prices and PPPs are defined by a system of interrelated linear equations that need to be solved simultaneously. The GK method produces PPPs that are transitive and actual final expenditures that are additive.