Dunaújváros


Dunaújváros is an industrial city in Fejér County, Central Hungary. It is a city with county rights. Situated 70 kilometres south of Budapest on the Danube, the city is best known for its steelworks, which is the largest in the country. It was built in the 1950s on the site of the former village of Dunapentele and was originally named Sztálinváros, before acquiring its current name in 1961.

Geography

Dunaújváros is located in the Transdanubian part of the Hungarian Plain">Magyars">Hungarian Plain, south of Budapest on the Danube, Highway 6, Motorways M6, M8 and the electrified Budapest-Pusztaszabolcs-Dunaújváros-Paks railway.

Etymology and names

The city replaced the village of Dunapentele, named after Saint Pantaleon. The construction of this new industrial city started in 1949 and the original village was renamed Sztálinváros in 1951. After the Hungarian revolution of 1956, the new government renamed the city the neutral Dunaújváros in 1961, which means "Danube New City".
The city is also known by [|alternative names] in other languages: ; ; and.

History

Dunaújváros is one of the newest cities in the country. It was built in the 1950s during the industrialization of the country under Socialist rule, as a new city next to an already existing village, Dunapentele.

Dunapentele

Dunapentele was not built until the 1950s. The construction started on the Danube's right bank.
The area has been inhabited since ancient times. When Western Hungary was a Roman province under the name Pannonia, a military camp and a town called Intercisa stood in this place, at the border of the province. The Hungarians conquered the area in the early 10th century. The village of Pentele, named after the medieval Greek saint, Pantaleon, was founded shortly after.
Between 1541 and 1688 the village was under Ottoman rule, and during the 150-year war, it was destroyed. During the freedom fight led by Prince Ferenc II Rákóczi of Transylvania (1570–1711)|Transylvania], the place was deserted again. In the 18th, century the village began to prosper. In 1830 the village was given the right to hold market days twice a week. In 1831 there was a cholera epidemic which caused a small-scale peasants revolt. In 1833 Pentele was granted town status by Ferdinand V. The citizens took part in the freedom fight in 1848–49.
After the Second World War the new, Communist government started a major industrialisation programme, in support of its rearmament efforts. In 1949 Dunaújváros was chosen as the site of the largest iron and steel works in the country. The focus on steel production had the purpose of arming the socialist territories in fear of a third world war. With a strong steel industry, they could quickly stock up on weaponry and machinery. Originally they were to be built close to Mohács, but the Hungarian-Yugoslavian relations worsened, and this new site was chosen, farther away from the Yugoslav border. The city was designed to have 25,000 residents.
The construction of the city began on May 2, 1950, near Dunapentele. Within one year more than 1,000 housing units were built and construction on the factory complex began. The city officially took the name of Joseph Stalin on April 4, 1952; its name was Sztálinváros 'Stalin City' as a parallel to Stalingrad in the USSR.
The metal works were opened in 1954. The city had a population of 27,772 at this time; 85% of them lived in nice, comfortable apartments, while about 4,200 people still lived in uncomfortable barracks which originally provided "homes" for the construction workers.
In the middle of the 1950s, public transport was organized, with buses carrying 24,000 passengers each day. During the 1950s many cultural and sports facilities were built, the Endre Ságvári Primary School being the largest school in Central Europe in the 1960s. The official and obligatory architectural style and art movement of the communist system was socialist realism. Per definition the style's meaning was communist, its form was national, and its preferred mode of representation was the allegory. There are several public statues and reliefs in the town, which represent the allegoric union of workers, peasants, and intellectuals, surrounded by traditional folk motifs. Thanks to the inspiration of Bauhaus the buildings and monuments of this era, like the forge, the cinema, the theatre, the hospital, and the city's schools were characterized by structural functionalism, but the ideological function resulted in classicist decorations, like columns, tympanums, and arcades, because of which the informal name of the style became 'Stalin's Baroque'
In 1956, the construction was hindered by an earthquake and a flood, and in October by the start of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution. During the revolution, the city used its historical name Dunapentele again. The Rákóczi radio station, which was created by the revolutionaries, was broadcast from Dunapentele Even though the citizens of Dunapentele tried to defend their city, the Soviet army occupied the city on November 7, 1956. The city came under martial law and Soviet tanks were stationed throughout the city.
After the revolution, the city was still the "trademark city" of socialism in Hungary and was presented as such to foreign visitors. Among the visitors were Yuri Gagarin and the Indonesian president Sukarno. The city also provided a scenic backdrop to popular movies.
In 1960, the ten-year-old city already had 31,000 residents who celebrated its anniversary.
On November 26, 1961, the city's name was changed to Dunaújváros as a consequence of Stalin's death and the Hungarian Revolution.
In 1990 it became a city with county rights—as one of the then four, cities in the country that have this status but are not county capitals—in accordance with a new law that granted this status to all cities with a population over 50,000. Even though the population of Dunaújváros has been under 50,000 since 2008, it has kept its status as a city with county rights.
The ISD DUNAFERR factory complex is still an important enterprise in the Hungarian steel industry, and a major employer in the area.
Today, Dunaújváros is home to many new infrastructures, the new South Korean Hankook factory, Europe's biggest tire factory of Hankook, and Hamburger Hungaria, one of the largest containerboard manufacturers in Europe. This and other projects make Dunaújváros a new Hungarian boomtown.
Thanks to its formal political and economic importance, the communist urban design, the socialist realist architecture, and its unique atmosphere the town is the considerable memento of communism. Many of the half-century-old buildings have received the protection of historic monuments, and the town is the focus of growing touristic interest.

Demographics

In 2001 Dunaújváros had 55,309 residents. Religions: 38.9% Roman Catholic, 8.3% Calvinist, 2% Lutheran, 37.8% Atheist, 0.2% other, 12.8% no answer.

Politics

The current mayor of Dunaújváros is Tamás Pintér.
The local Municipal Assembly, elected at the 2019 local government elections, is made up of 15 members divided into political parties and alliances:

Sport

The most popular sport is ice hockey, and the city is home to the Steel Bulls. The second most popular sport in the town is football. The town has one team playing in the top-level league, the Nemzeti Bajnokság I, the Dunaújváros PASE. However, the most well-known team is the defunct Dunaújváros FC which also won the 1999–2000 [Nemzeti Bajnokság I] season. The women's water polo team of Dunaújvárosi FVE won the 2018 edition of the LEN Trophy.

Notable people

Dunaújváros is twinned with: