List of intelligence gathering disciplines

This is a list of intelligence gathering disciplines.

HUMINT

Human intelligence are gathered from a person in the location in question. Sources can include the following:

Advisors or foreign internal defense personnel working with host nation forces or populations
Diplomatic reporting by accredited diplomats
Espionage clandestine reporting, access agents, couriers, cutouts
Military attachés
Non-governmental organizations
Prisoners of war or detainees
Refugees
Routine patrolling
Traveler debriefing

MI6 is often thought to use human intelligence to operate in different countries or Britain itself to protect the country from global affairs. However, this is usually confused with their brother agency MI5, which focuses on the security of Britain.

FININT

Financial intelligence are gathered from analysis of monetary transactions.

GEOINT

Geospatial intelligence are gathered from satellite and aerial photography, or mapping/terrain data.

Imagery intelligence – gathered from satellite and aerial photography

MASINT

Measurement and signature intelligence are gathered from an array of signatures of fixed or dynamic target sources. According to the Air Force Institute of Technology's Center for MASINT Studies and Research, MASINT is split into six major disciplines: electro-optical, nuclear, radar, geophysical, materials, and radiofrequency.

Electro-optical MASINT
* Electro-optical MASINT#Airborne electro-optical [missile tracking MASINT|Airborne electro-optical missile tracking MASINT]
* Tactical counter-artillery sensors
* Infrared MASINT
* Optical measurement of nuclear explosions
* LASER MASINT
* Spectroscopic MASINT
* Hyperspectral MASINT
* Space-based staring infrared sensors
Nuclear MASINT
* Radiation survey and dosimetry
* Nuclear MASINT#Space-based [nuclear energy detection|Space-based nuclear energy detection]
* Nuclear MASINT#Effects of [ionizing radiation on materials|Effects of ionizing radiation on materials]
Geophysical MASINT
* Weather and sea intelligence MASINT
* Acoustic MASINT, also known as acoustical intelligence
* Seismic MASINT
* Magnetic MASINT
* Gravitimetric MASINT
Radar MASINT
* Line-of-sight radar MASINT
* Radar MASINT#Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and [inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) MASINT|Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) MASINT]
* Non-cooperative target recognition
* Multistatic radar MASINT
* Passive covert radar
Materials MASINT
* Chemical materials MASINT
* Biological materials MASINT
* Nuclear test analysis
Radiofrequency MASINT
* Frequency domain MASINT
* Electromagnetic pulse MASINT
* Unintentional radiation MASINT

OSINT

Open-source intelligence are gathered from open sources. OSINT can be further segmented by the source type: Internet/General, Scientific/Technical, and various HUMINT specialties, e.g. trade shows, association meetings, and interviews.

SIGINT

Signals intelligence are gathered from interception of signals.

Communications intelligence
Electronic intelligence – gathered from electronic signals that do not contain speech or text
* Foreign instrumentation signals intelligence – entails the collection and analysis of telemetry data from a missile or sometimes from aircraft tests; formerly known as telemetry intelligence or TELINT

TECHINT

Technical intelligence are gathered from analysis of weapons and equipment used by the armed forces of foreign nations, or environmental conditions.

Medical intelligence – gathered from analysis of medical records and/or actual physiological examinations to determine health and/or particular ailments and allergic conditions for consideration