Mike Parr
Mike Parr is an Australian performance artist, printmaker and painter. Parr's works have been exhibited in Australia and internationally, including in Brazil, Cuba, France, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and the United States.
In the 1970s, he co-founded the artist cooperative Inhibodress with Peter Kennedy and Tim Johnson.
Early life and education
Parr spent his childhood in rural Queensland. He is the brother of installation/photography artist, Julie Rrap. He was born with a misshapen arm, and this physical characteristic has featured within his art work.Parr commenced an arts/law degree at the University of Queensland in 1965, but discontinued his studies the following year. He moved to Sydney and, in 1968, briefly enrolled at the National Art School to study painting.
Career
In 1970, with Peter Kennedy and Tim Johnson, Parr established "Inhibodress", an artist cooperative and alternative space for conceptual art, performance art and video art, after the Tin Sheds had paved the way for such spaces. It was an important space for artists from 1971 to 1972.Parr's performances explore physical limits, memory and subjectivity. They often depict self-mutilation or extreme physical feats. The performances are documented photographically and on video.
Parr has been represented by the Anna Schwartz Gallery since around 1987, but she terminated the relationship from after the close of his exhibition Sunset Claws, on 16 December 2023. His contract was terminated in an email on the morning following a performance called "Going Home" on Saturday 2 December, in which he referenced the Gaza war. The four-and-a-half-hour performance involved Parr painting words on the gallery walls with his eyes shut. His painted text was drawn from the London Review of Books, Guardian Australia, as well as various unattributed quotes. Schwartz, who is Jewish, issued a statement later saying "Sadly I ended the association between Anna Schwartz Gallery and Mike Parr due to a serious breach of trust and difference of values". The action has led to a wider debate about censoring artists. Speaking on RN Breakfast, Schwarz said that she thought Parr was "the greatest artist this country has ever and perhaps will ever produce", and that she was not censoring his work. What she had objected to in particular was using the word "Nazi" and the word "Israel" on the wall together, which made her feel sick, and she also felt personally hurt by Parr.
Works
Parr's early works were designed to get a reaction from the audience, though he also focused on exploring questions of identity, memory, and states of being. He particularly used his body as a performative tool, often using his prosthetic arm and testing the physical limits of his body through endurance challenges.For one of Parr's earlier works, he sat in front of his audience and began talking to them in a conversational manner, then very suddenly brandishes an axe and begins hacking into his prosthetic arm which he had filled with minced meat and fake blood. Most of the people in the audience were not aware of his disability, and therefore shock factor was the main aim.
In the late 60s, Parr's performances were started with "psychotic" episodes in which he cut and attacked his body, which he cites as "psychotic operation".
In 1971 he began to write his book Programmes & Investigations, in which he recorded grotesque performance ideas, including letting a dog drink the performer's blood and sewing a fish onto one's skin. By 1973, he had listed over 150 different ideas, performing the actions as he wrote them down, and it became the basis for his activity for more than a decade.
In 1981 Parr stopped performing and began painting and printmaking, later returning to performance art in the 90s.
In 2002, Parr's most challenging performance, "For Water from the Mouth" was held at the gallery Artspace – a work of ten whole days where Parr was isolated in a room with no human contact, and nothing but water to keep him alive. His every action was surveyed by surveillance cameras and broadcast live on the Internet for 24 hours a day.
"A stitch in time" was another of his performances, a live web cam showing Parr having his lips and face extensively stitched with thread into a caricature of shame.
In 2003, one of Parr's extended performances was as live web broadcast received more than 250,000 hits in the first 24 hours alone. For 30 hours Parr sat in a gallery with his non-prosthetic arm nailed to the wall in opposition to the Australia government's treatment of refugees and asylum seekers. This was called "Malevich ".
In June, 2018, he had himself interred in a room constructed below a street in Hobart, Tasmania, for 72 hours, sustained only by water and soup. This was to highlight the fate of Aboriginal Tasmanians, among other issues. Metaphorically, the issues are buried but are still there, ready to resurface at inconvenient times; including colonialism and communal and personal histories.
His work was included in the March 2020 Adelaide Biennial of Australian Art at the Art Gallery of South Australia, which is titled "Monster Theatres".
Exhibitions
Selected Solo Exhibitions- 1970 Light Pieces & Painted Constructions, Reid Gallery, Brisbane
- 1972-3 Trans-Art 1: Idea Demonstrations, Inhibodress Gallery, Sydney; Veste Sagrada and Museo de Arte Moderna, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- 1973 Performance, Actions, Videosystems, Galerie Impact, Lausanne; Galerie Media, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- 1978 Screening of Rules and Displacement Activities Parts I and II, lectures, Bela Balaczs Studio for Experimental Film, Budapest, Hungary
- 1983 Black Box: The Theatre of Self Correction, Part 2, The Performance Space, Sydney
Screenings of Rules and Displacement Activities Parts I, II and III; Performance presentation from George Brecht's WaterYam, Institute of Modern Art, Brisbane. Curator: Barbara Campbell
Drawings, Art Projects, Melbourne
- 1984 Towards the Other Side, three drawing series, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology Gallery, Melbourne. Curator: John Smithies
- 1985 Portage, Roslyn Oxley9 Gallery, Sydney; Fine Art Gallery, University of Tasmania, Hobart
- 1986 The Parting of the Red Sea, Siegal Contemporary Art Inc., New York
- 1989 Mike Parr, Roslyn Oxley9 Gallery, Sydney, June; City Gallery, Melbourne, July; Milburn + Arté Gallery, Brisbane
- 1990 I think of Drypoint in terms of Braille and Excavation, survey of prints from 1988 to 1990, The Drill Hall Gallery, National Gallery of Australia, Canberra
- 1991 Mike Parr, Artist in Residence 1990–1991, Ian Potter Gallery, The University of Melbourne Museum of Art, Melbourne
Survey of Recent Work, Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney; Perth Institute of Contemporary Art, Perth
- 1992 Alphabet/Haemorrhage, 17 performances, Arthouse, Perth, 3 April; 4 performances, Institute of Modern Art, Brisbane, 6 May; 4 performances, City Gallery, Melbourne, 13 June; 9 performances, Museum of Contemporary Art, Sydney, 4 August
- 1993 Mike Parr, Roslyn Oxley9 Gallery, Sydney, September
- 1994 Mike Parr, Anna Schwartz Gallery, Melbourne
100 Breaths/100 Songs from Black Box of 100 Self Portrait Etchings 5, 1993–1994, performance, Art Gallery of South Australia, Adelaide
Fathers 11, installation, Experimental Art Foundation, Adelaide
The Bridge, performance, Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney
- 1995 The Illusion of the End, Sherman Galleries Goodhope and Hargrave, Sydney
- 1996 The Infinity Machine, Sherman Galleries Goodhope, Sydney Anna Schwartz Gallery, Melbourne
The White Hybrid, performance, Artspace, Cowper Wharf/Artspace, Sydney
Unword, performance, University of Western Australia
- 1997 Anna Schwartz Gallery, Melbourne
- 1998 Anna Schwartz Gallery, Melbourne Michael Milburn Galleries, Brisbane
Blood Box, 24-hour performance, 6.9/7.9, Artspace, Sydney
Boubialla Couta,, College of Fine Arts, Sydney
The Rest of Time, Sherman Galleries Goodhope, Sydney
Mike Parr, Sherman Galleries Hargrave, Sydney
Photo-Realism, Anna Schwartz Gallery, Melbourne
- 1999 Deep Sleep , Nixon/Parr, 72-hour performance, 17.6–20.6, National Portrait Gallery & Lake Burley Griffin, Canberra
Three Collaborations, Sarah Cottier Gallery, Sydney
- 2000 ARCO, International Contemporary Art Fair, Parque Serial Juan Carosl, Madrid
- Selected Group Exhibitions
- 1971 The Situation Now, Contemporary Art Society, Central Street Gallery, Sydney
- 1973 Artists' Books, Philadelphia Museum of Art
- 1977 10th biennale de Paris, Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris
- 1979 3rd Biennale of Sydney: European Dialogue, Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney
- 1980 XXXIX Biennale di Venezia, Giardini, Venice
- 1981 Australian Perspecta 1981: A biennial survey of contemporary Australian art, Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney
- 1982 Eureka! Artists from Australia, Institute of Contemporary Art and Serpentine Gallery, London
- 1983 Presence & Absence: Survey of Contemporary Australian Art, No. 1, installation, Art Gallery of Western Australia, Perth
D'un autre continent 'L'Australie, Le réve et le réel', ARC/Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris
- 1984-5 An Australian Accent, Three Artists, Mike Parr, Imants Tillers, Ken Unsworth, P.S.1, The Institute of Art and Urban Resources, Inc., New York; Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington; Art Gallery of Western Australia, Perth; Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney
- 1985 5/5, Fünf Vom Fünften, daadgalerie, Berlin
- 1986 Prospect '86, An International Exhibition of Contemporary Art, Frankfurter Kunstverein, Schirn Kunsthalle, Frankfurt
- 1987-9 The Australian Bicentennial Perspecta, Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney; Art Gallery of Western Australia, Perth; Frankfurter Kunstverein, Steirnernes Haus, Frankfurt; Württemburgischer Kunstverein, Stuttgart
- 1988 1988 Australian Biennale. From the Southern Cross: A View of World Art c.1940–1988, The Seventh Biennale of Sydney, Art Gallery of New South Wales; Pier 2/3, Walsh Bay, Sydney; National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne
- 1994 Adelaide Installations, the 1994 Adelaide Biennial of Australian Art, Adelaide
- 1995 Antipodean Currents: 10 Contemporary Artists from Australia, Guggenheim Museum SoHo, New York
- 1996 Systems End: Contemporary Art in Australia, OXY Gallery, Osaka; Hakone Open-Air Museum, Tokyo; Dong-Ah Gallery, Seoul, Korea
- 1997 Dead Sun, Art Gallery of New South Wales. Curator: Mike Parr; Dead Sun, performance, Art Gallery of New South Wales
In Place : Contemporary Art in Australia, Museum of Modern Art, Oxford; Art Gallery of Western Australia, Perth
- 1998 Wounds: Between Democracy and Redemption in Contemporary Art, Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden
Telling Tales, Ivan Dougherty Gallery, University of New South Wales, Sydney
- 1999 Southern Reflections: Ten Contemporary Australian Artists, touring Northern Europe Other Stories: Five Australian Artists, Hokkaido Museum of Modern Art, Sapporo, Japan
Global Conceptualism: Points of Origin, Queens Museum, The Walker Art Centre, Miami Art Centre and other American Museums, 1999/00
- 2000 The 12th Biennale of Sydney, Sydney Biennale 2000, Art Gallery of New South Wales; Museum of Contemporary Art; Artspace and other venues