Ingvar expedition
The Ingvar expedition is the Swedish Viking Age event that is mentioned on a large amount of preserved runestones. About twenty-six Ingvar runestones in Sweden refer to Swedish Viking warriors who travelled east with Ingvar on his expedition to Serkland, or the Saracen lands. The expedition started in the second half of the 1030s and ended catastrophically in the year 1041, according to several Icelandic Annals, and was later the object for an Icelandic saga in the 12th century; the Yngvars saga víðförla. The Ingvar expedition seems to have been organized mainly on the basis of today's Svealand. King at the time was Anund Jakob.
One of the most famous of the Ingvar runestones is the Gripsholm Runestone. Its inscription tells that it was raised in honour of Ingvar’s brother Haraldr who had died in Serkland.
Its runic inscription reads as follows:
Latin transliteration:
Runic Swedish transcription:
English translation: