Indy Autonomous Challenge


The Indy Autonomous Challenge is the main and, between July 2023 and April 2024, the only active racing series for autonomous race cars. The vehicles participating in the IAC are SAE level 4 autonomous as they are capable of completing circuit laps and overtaking maneuvers without any human intervention.
Exclusively made up of student/university teams, each team participating in the competition uses the same vehicle, a custom-built Dallara AV single-seater. The AV-21 was derived from Dallara's IL-15 model with the addition of sensors, actuators and computing hardware necessary for fully autonomous driving. By 2024, the series was using the Dallara AV-24 specification, with the same base Dallara chassis but an entirely re-engineered compute hardware, sensor suite, and software stack. The participating teams are made up of university researchers from universities worldwide, including Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, University of Pittsburgh, KAIST, Politecnico di Milano, TUM, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, ETH Zurich, University of Virginia and Purdue University.
The first race took place in October 2021 on the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, after an initial three-year period of simulator-only challenges, which started in November 2019 as a proving ground to allow competing teams to develop and demonstrate the ability to race autonomously before receiving the physical race car. Since then, the competition has raced on several notable oval circuits such as Las Vegas Motor Speedway and Texas Motor Speedway, and in June 2023 in its first road course circuit, at the Monza Circuit.
Over the four years of on-track IAC competitions, the challenge has advanced to include two competitive events. Beginning in 2021, individual time trials are run by all teams over the course, and the event is scored with the fastest lap achieved in five minutes on an oval track. Later, a multicar event was added: a two-car scripted passing competition, with increasingly higher speeds assigned to the lead car, where the two cars "keep passing each other like a game of cat and mouse until one of them has to give up, or they have an accident.”
By 2024, the autonomous racecars were achieving top-speeds on oval circuits of and the two-car passing races were achieving successful passes of a fixed-speed vehicle maintaining 160 mph.

Motivation and summary of achievements

As a successor of the DARPA Grand Challenge, the IAC aimed to provide a challenging environment for the development of autonomous vehicles. University teams were invited to develop software for solving the autonomous driving task, in the challenging environment of a racetrack, constrained by IAC rules through 2024 that limit only one or two cars to be on the race track at a time, and limit the autonomous control approach to only six camera sensors on the vehicle.
During the competition, teams used simulation environments and cloud computing to test and prove the maturity of their algorithms. As the IAC race cars were to drive on track up to 290 km/h with high lateral and longitudinal accelerations, the software needed to plan a path in an adversarial environment and to drive safely and reliably with low computation times.
Overall, three main goals were set for the IAC in 2021:
  1. Defining and solving edge case scenarios for autonomous vehicles;
  2. Catalyzing new autonomous driving technologies and innovations;
  3. Engaging the public in the competition to help ensure acceptance.
The efforts of the IAC were initially led by Energy System Network, an Indianapolis-based nonprofit. The goal of the IAC was to focus on the development of a full autonomous driving software stack that enabled perception, planning and control on the racetrack.
During its multiple years of operation, the IAC achieved a number of records, beyond the speed records for an autonomous vehicle on every racetrack the competition visited. The Autonomous land speed record, was obtained on 28 April 2022, on the Kennedy Space Center runway, where a Dallara AV-21 reached the speed of 309.3 km/h
The scientific research from the IAC teams has led to several academic publications, mostly on the topics of automatic control, path planning and robotic perception.

History

IAC Simulation Race

In order to qualify for the participation in the real championship, the participating teams had first to show their autonomous driving capabilities on a simulator, by completing a series of hackathon challenges of increasing difficulty, starting from a solo lap and simple obstacle avoidance to 1-to-1 full races. The simulation environment provided the teams with a perfect replica of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway and of the Dallara AV-21 Racecar.
The simulation-only competition peaked with the IAC Simulation Race, which took place on June 30, 2021. It consisted of a qualification round, where the teams had to complete their fastest solo lap, with time penalties attributed for violating the track limits. Then, the teams were split into two 8-vehicle semifinal races in order to qualify for the final.
In the semifinals and in the final, many vehicles were disqualified for causing collisions with other vehicles, with the race stopped and re-started every time a collision happened. The final times of the semi-finals were used to determine the running order of the final race, which concluded with the victory of team PoliMOVE, which started from pole position and defended its place along the 10 laps.
The winning team was awarded US$100,000, while the second place team received US$50,000

Indy Autonomous Challenge Simulation Race Final Standings

IAC at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, 2021

After the simulation race, 9 teams purchased the vehicle, and were admitted to the first physical race. Some of the teams participating in the simulation race merged in order to split the financial burden.
The Indy Autonomous Challenge at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway took place on October 23, 2021. Although in the original intentions of the organizers it should have been a full 10-vehicle traditional race as it had been the case of the IAC Simulation Race, eventually the scope of the competition was reduced to a time trial event with an obstacle avoidance test.
The race, together with its US$1,000,000 prize, was won by TUM Autonomous Motorsport after many teams had to retire from the competition due to crashes, with Euroracing on the second place of the podium, while PoliMOVE crashed against the wall but, as it had already scored its time, was granted the third place.

IAC at the Las Vegas CES, 2022

The next Indy Autonomous Challenge competition took place on January 7, 2022, at the Las Vegas Motor Speedway, as the final event of the 2022 edition of the Consumer Electronics Show. The event itself was limited to CES attendees but was live streamed. After the single-vehicle time trials of the Indianapolis event, it was decided to have another competition with the autonomous race cars, this time with more than a vehicle on the track.
To simplify the task for the teams, the "Overtaking Game" format was chosen for the race, where a defender car had to keep a constant speed, while an attacker vehicle had to complete the overtake before the end of the lap. Once the overtake had been completed, the roles would swap and the defender speed would be increased. The teams had to perform a complete and safe overtake on track in the test days before the event in order to qualify for the race matches, which were held on a tennis-style elimination tournament. To further simplify the environment, the defender was forced to stay on the inside of the turns.
After winning the semi-final race against KAIST, PoliMOVE won the 2022 IAC Las Vegas Race by successfully completing an autonomous overtake over TUM Autonomous Motorsport defending at 150 mph. The German team spun out of control after performing an overly aggressive obstacle avoidance manoeuvre while car #5 was ultimating its overtake.

IAC 2022-2023 Season

The success of the 2022 IAC competition in Las Vegas encouraged the series to expand towards new circuits. Consumer Technology Association renovated the IAC's contract to perform at the 2023 Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. After a summer break and a vehicle refresh, which included an increase of the engine power and new sensors and computing equipment, the cars were brought to Fort Worth, Texas for the next challenge.
The Indy Autonomous Challenge at the Texas Motor Speedway took place in November 2023. A major change in the rules with respect to the 2022 Las Vegas edition consisted in the increased freedom of the defender vehicle to choose its trajectory, although right of way and minimum longitudinal and lateral separation rules were introduced to increase the safety of the competition.
The race took place on a cold and wet racetrack after a morning of heavy rain. Similar to what had happened during the Simulation Race, many teams were disqualified due to either causing a collision or simply violating the minimum distance between the cars, as their algorithms could not safely handle the increased opponent freedom. Team PoliMOVE won the final race against AI Racing Tech.
The 2023 Indy Autonomous Challenge at the Las Vegas Motor Speedway took place on January 7, 2023, following the same ruleset of the 2022 TMS Race. As the teams' software progressed, more advanced vehicle interaction and less incidents happened with respect to the TMS race.
Team PoliMOVE won again, reaching a top speed of around 180 mph during the event and beating its own speed record from the previous year.

IAC at MIMO 2023

At the 2023 Las Vegas event, the IAC announced its intention of coming to Europe, at the Autodromo Nazionale di Monza in Italy, as part of the 2023 MIMO event. Five IAC teams participated in the event, which took place on June 16–18, 2023.
Due to the increased difficulty of running on road course circuits with respect to ovals and the lack of complete GPS coverage of the track, the event format was once again a single vehicle time trial competition. Team PoliMOVE scored the fastest lap, while TUM Autonomous Motorsport took second place and TII Unimore Racing was on the lowest step of the podium.