Ibn Rushd al-Jadd
Abu ʾl-Walīd Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Aḥmad ibn Rushd, nicknamed al-Jadd, was a Muslim jurist of the Mālikī school. He was the most prominent Mālikī jurist of his time in al-Andalus and the Maghrib, but his fame today rests on being the grandfather of the philosopher of the same name, Ibn Rushd, nicknamed al-Ḥafīd .
Life
The main sources of Ibn Rushd's life are his biographical entry in the catalogue of teachers, al-Ghunya, of his pupil, al-Qāḍī ʿIyāḍ. The Kitāb al-ṣila of Ibn Bashkuwāl is another primary source. Most later biographies of Ibn Rushd al-Jadd depend on these. The 14th-century al-Marqaba al-ʿulyā of al-Bunnāhī, a history of Andalusian qāḍīs, also transmits some information from the biography of Ibn Rushd's pupil Ibn al-Wazzān and the anonymous 13th-century Andalusian history al-Ḥulal al-mawshiyya.Ibn Rushd was a native of the city of Córdoba. From 1117 until his resignation in 1121, he held the highest judicial office in the Almoravid Emirate, that of qāḍī ʾl-jamāʿa in Córdoba.
On 10 March 1126, King Alfonso of Aragon was defeated in the battle of Arniswāl. During his campaign, he had received support from the Mozarabs, Christians living under Almoravid rule. On 30 March, Ibn Rushd went to Marrakesh to provide advice to the Emir ʿAlī ibn Yūsuf. He advised that the Mozarabs had forfeited their dhimmī status by treason and urged ʿAlī to deport them to Morocco. As a result, many were relocated to Salé and Meknès. He also advised ʿAlī to fortify the cities of al-Andalus with walls, to wall off Marrakesh and to replace Abū Ṭāhir Tamīm, ʿAlī's brother, as governor of al-Andalus.
Ibn Rushd returned to Córdoba in July 1126 and died there five months later. He was buried in the cemetery of Ibn ʿAbbās in the eastern quarter.