ISO/IEC 15693


ISO/IEC 15693, is an ISO/IEC standard for vicinity cards, i.e. cards which can be read from a greater distance as compared with proximity cards. Such cards can normally be read out by a reader without being powered themselves, as the reader will supply the necessary power to the card over the air.
ISO/IEC 15693 systems operate at the 13.56 MHz frequency, and offer maximum read distance of 1–1.5 meters. As the vicinity cards have to operate at a greater distance, the necessary magnetic field is less than that for a proximity card. ISO/IEC 15693 is called contactless long-range standard with a lower RF speed compared to some other RFID standard such as ISO/IEC 14443.

Standard

The standard is developed by ISO/IEC JTC 1 (Joint Technical Committee 1) / SC 17 (Subcommittee 17)..

Parts

  • ISO/IEC 15693-1:2018 Part 1: Physical characteristic
  • ISO/IEC 15693-2:2019 Part 2: Air interface and initialization
  • ISO/IEC 15693-3:2019 Part 3: Anticollision and transmission protocol

Example applications

  • Ski pass: each of those has a unique ID and the system knows for how long the pass is valid etc.

Communication to the card

Communication from the reader to the card uses an amplitude-shift keying with 10% or 100% modulation index.
The data coding is:
;1 out of 4 pulse-position modulation: 2 bits are coded as the position of a 9.44 μs pause in a 75.52 μs symbol time, giving a bit rate of 26.48 kilobits per second. The least-significant bits are sent first.
;1 out of 256 pulse-position modulation: 8 bits are coded as the position of a 9.44 μs pause in a 4.833 ms symbol time, giving a bit rate of 1.65 kbit/s.

Communication to the reader

The card has two ways to send its data back to the reader. Both use a subcarrier transmitted back to the reader using load modulation.

Amplitude-shift keying

Amplitude-shift keying 100% modulation index on a 423.75 kHz subcarrier. The data rate can be:
  • Low 6.62 kbit/s
  • High 26.48 kbit/s
A logic 0 starts with eight pulses of 423.75 kHz followed by an unmodulated time of 18.88 μs ; a logic 1 is the other way round. The data frame delimiters are code violations, a start of frame is:
  1. an unmodulated time of 56.64 μs,
  2. 24 pulses of 423.75 kHz
  3. a logic 1
and the end of a frame is:
  1. a logic 0
  2. 24 pulses of 423.75 kHz
  3. an unmodulated time of 56.64 μs
The data are sent using a Manchester code.

Frequency-shift keying

Frequency-shift keying by switching between a 423.75 kHz sub carrier and a 484.25 kHz sub carrier. The data rate can be:
  • Low 6.67 kbit/s
  • High 26.69 kbit/s
A logic 0 starts with eight pulses of 423.75 kHz followed by nine pulses of 484.28 kHz; a logic 1 is the other way round. The data frame delimiters are code violations, a start of frame is:
  1. 27 pulses of 484.28 kHz
  2. 24 pulses of 423.75 kHz
  3. a logic 1
and the end of a frame is:
  1. a logic 0
  2. 24 pulses of 423.75 kHz
  3. 27 pulses of 484.28 kHz
The data are sent using a Manchester code.

Manufacturer codes

see ISO/IEC 7816-6
  1. Code 0x01: Motorola
  2. Code 0x02: STMicroelectronics SA
  3. Code 0x03: Hitachi Ltd
  4. Code 0x04: NXP Semiconductors
  5. Code 0x05: Infineon Technologies AG
  6. Code 0x06: Cylink
  7. Code 0x07: Texas Instruments
  8. Code 0x08: Fujitsu Limited
  9. Code 0x09: Matsushita Electronics Corporation, Semiconductor Company
  10. Code 0x0A: NEC
  11. Code 0x0B: Oki Electric Industry Co Ltd
  12. Code 0x0C: Toshiba Corp
  13. Code 0x0D: Mitsubishi Electric Corp
  14. Code 0x0E: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
  15. Code 0x0F: Hynix
  16. Code 0x10: LG-Semiconductors Co Ltd
  17. Code 0x11: Emosyn-EM Microelectronics
  18. Code 0x12: INSIDE Technology
  19. Code 0x13: ORGA Kartensysteme GmbH
  20. Code 0x14: Sharp Corporation
  21. Code 0x15: ATMEL
  22. Code 0x16: EM Microelectronic-Marin
  23. Code 0x17: SMARTRAC TECHNOLOGY GmbH
  24. Code 0x18: ZMD AG
  25. Code 0x19: XICOR Inc
  26. Code 0x1A: Sony Corporation
  27. Code 0x1B: Malaysia Microelectronic Solutions Sdn Bhd
  28. Code 0x1C: Emosyn
  29. Code 0x1D: Shanghai Fudan Microelectronics Co Ltd
  30. Code 0x1E: Magellan Technology Pty Limited
  31. Code 0x1F: Melexis NV BO
  32. Code 0x20: Renesas Technology Corp
  33. Code 0x21: TAGSYS
  34. Code 0x22: Transcore
  35. Code 0x23: Shanghai Belling Corp Ltd
  36. Code 0x24: Masktech Germany GmbH
  37. Code 0x25: Innovision Research and Technology Plc
  38. Code 0x26: Hitachi ULSI Systems Co Ltd
  39. Code 0x27: Yubico AB
  40. Code 0x28: Ricoh
  41. Code 0x29: ASK
  42. Code 0x2A: Unicore Microsystems LLC
  43. Code 0x2B: Dallas semiconductor/Maxim
  44. Code 0x2C: Impinj Inc
  45. Code 0x2D: RightPlug Alliance
  46. Code 0x2E: Broadcom Corporation
  47. Code 0x2F: MStar Semiconductor Inc
  48. Code 0x30: BeeDar Technology Inc
  49. Code 0x31: RFIDsec
  50. Code 0x32: Schweizer Electronic AG
  51. Code 0x33: AMIC Technology Corp
  52. Code 0x34: Mikron JSC
  53. Code 0x35: Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems
  54. Code 0x36: IDS Microship AG
  55. Code 0x37: Kovio
  56. Code 0x38: HMT Microelectronic Ltd
  57. Code 0x39: Silicon Craft Technology
  58. Code 0x3A: Advanced Film Device Inc.
  59. Code 0x3B: Nitecrest Ltd
  60. Code 0x3C: Verayo Inc.
  61. Code 0x3D: HID Global
  62. Code 0x3E: Productivity Engineering Gmbh
  63. Code 0x3F: Austriamicrosystems AG
  64. Code 0x40: Gemalto SA
  65. Code 0x41: Renesas Electronics Corporation
  66. Code 0x42: 3Alogics Inc
  67. Code 0x43: Top TroniQ Asia Limited
  68. Code 0x44: Gentag Inc
  69. Code 0x45: Invengo Information Technology Co.Ltd
  70. Code 0x46: Guangzhou Sysur Microelectronics, Inc
  71. Code 0x47: CEITEC S.A.
  72. Code 0x48: Shanghai Quanray Electronics Co. Ltd.
  73. Code 0x49: MediaTek Inc
  74. Code 0x4A: Angstrem PJSC
  75. Code 0x4B: Celisic Semiconductor Limited
  76. Code 0x4C: LEGIC Identsystems AG
  77. Code 0x4D: Balluff GmbH
  78. Code 0x4E: Oberthur Technologies
  79. Code 0x4F: Silterra Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.
  80. Code 0x50: DELTA Danish Electronics, Light & Acoustics
  81. Code 0x51: Giesecke & Devrient GmbH
  82. Code 0x52: Shenzhen China Vision Microelectronics Co., Ltd.
  83. Code 0x53: Shanghai Feiju Microelectronics Co. Ltd.
  84. Code 0x54: Intel Corporation
  85. Code 0x55: Microsensys GmbH
  86. Code 0x56: Sonix Technology Co., Ltd.
  87. Code 0x57: Qualcomm Technologies Inc
  88. Code 0x58: Realtek Semiconductor Corp
  89. Code 0x59: Freevision Technologies Co. Ltd
  90. Code 0x5A: Giantec Semiconductor Inc.
  91. Code 0x5B: JSC Angstrem-T
  92. Code 0x5C: STARCHIP France
  93. Code 0x5D: SPIRTECH
  94. Code 0x5E: GANTNER Electronic GmbH
  95. Code 0x5F: Nordic Semiconductor
  96. Code 0x60: Verisiti Inc
  97. Code 0x61: Wearlinks Technology Inc.
  98. Code 0x62: Userstar Information Systems Co., Ltd
  99. Code 0x63: Pragmatic Semiconductor Ltd.
  100. Code 0x64: Associação do Laboratório de Sistemas Integráveis Tecnológico – LSI-TEC
  101. Code 0x65: Tendyron Corporation
  102. Code 0x66: MUTO Smart Co., Ltd.
  103. Code 0x67: ON Semiconductor
  104. Code 0x68: TÜBİTAK BİLGEM
  105. Code 0x69: Huada Semiconductor Co., Ltd
  106. Code 0x6A: SEVENEY
  107. Code 0x6B: ISSM
  108. Code 0x6C: Wisesec Ltd
  109. Code 0x7E: Holtek

Implementations

The first byte of the UID should always be 0xE0.

Products with ISO/IEC 15693 interface