Hōki-ryū


Hōki-ryū is a Japanese koryū sword-fighting martial art founded in the late Muromachi period by Katayama Hōki-no-kami Fujiwara Hisayasu .

History

Although often stated to be a student of Hayashizaki Jinsuke, the ryū itself states that Katayama Hisayasu inherited eighteen secret sword techniques from his uncle Katayama Shōan. Additionally, Katayama Hisayasu was also said to have been the younger brother of Takenouchi Hisamori, founder of Takenouchi-ryū . In 1596, he traveled to Atago Shrine in Kyoto and for seven days and seven nights trained and prayed continuously. In a divine dream, Hisayasu was supposedly given insight and was said to have attained enlightenment to the mysteries of the art of iai. Using this insight and the teachings received from his uncle he formed his own tradition of swordsmanship.
In 1610, he was called to the Royal Palace to demonstrate before the emperor. He demonstrated Iso-no-nami, one of the teachings he received from his uncle, in front of the Emperor Go-Yōzei. For this, he was given the court rank of Jyu-Goi-Ge and made governor of Hōki province. In 1650, at the age of 76, Hisayasu died in Iwakuni, Yamaguchi Prefecture. The original name for Hisayasu's tradition was said to be Ikkan-ryū for a time, but was known within the Katayama family as Katayama-ryū. Katayama Hisayasu's teaching also became widely spread in Kumamoto and the name Hōki-ryū and Katayama Hōki-ryū became more widely known there and throughout the country. The present day the tradition is generally referred to as just Hōki-ryū.
The art had been handed down in the Katayama family and the Hoshino family, however, the family of the last Katayama head was wiped out in World War II and that direct line, known as Katayama-ryū, is no longer extant. The Hoshino family in Kumamoto regularly maintained contact with the Katayama family and the majority of groups practicing Hōki-ryū today come from the Hoshino lineage. Today, the Hōki-ryū tradition is today in its 12th or 13th generation.
Using Iso-no-nami as a base, Hisayasu and later generations of the Katayama and Hoshino families developed and established over seventy sword forms, although many of these have been lost in most groups practicing Hōki-ryū today. Presently, fifteen basic forms form the basis of nearly all Hōki-ryū groups, with different groups having varying numbers of the remaining kata surviving. These fifteen forms are divided to two sets; six forms in Omote and nine forms in Chudan. Most forms are started from the seiza posture.

Branches

Hōki-ryū has through history branched off and spawned derivatives. The majority of groups today come from the Hoshino family of Kumamoto. Today the art has large groups practicing in the Kyūshū, Hiroshima and Kansai areas, as well as smaller groups in other areas. Additional branches active today include Ono-ha Hōki-ryū and Kumagai-ha Hōki-ryū. Ono-ha Hōki-ryū was founded by Ono Kumao and is today primarily practiced under the auspices of the All Japan Iaido Federation. Kumagai-ha Hōki-ryū is today only practiced in one dojo in northern Kumamoto Prefecture.

Iai forms

Omote (initial set)

  • '. Thrust to an opponent to the left, with hand alongside the blade, in seiza posture.
  • '. Thrust to an opponent to the left, with hand alongside the blade, in seiza posture.
  • '. Thrust to an opponent to the right, with hand alongside the blade, in seiza posture.
  • '. Block an attack from right, and cut an opponent.
  • '. Deflect tsukidome, an attack from front, and cut an opponent.
  • '. Cut three opponents, in seiza posture.

Chu-dan (middle level)

  • '. Nukitsuke to kesa and cut an opponent from front, in seiza posture.
  • '. Strike aside the attack of an enemy, and cut, in seiza posture.
  • '. Nukitsuke to kesa and cut an opponent from front, in standing posture.
  • '. Nukitsuke to kesa and cut an opponent from rear, in standing posture.
  • '. Jump-up and block ukenagashi from tate-hiza posture, and cut an opponent in the front standing and approaching.
  • '. Block ukenagashi from standing posture, and cut an opponent in the front.
  • '. Strike aside the attack of an enemy, and cut, from tate-hiza posture.
  • '. Block ukenagashi, strike a face of an opponent in the front and thrust.
  • . Cut three opponents, in standing posture.