Hypotrachyna paraphyscioides
Hypotrachyna paraphyscioides is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Described in 2011 from a single specimen collected in Colombia's Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta at nearly 2,900 metres elevation, this lichen is distinguished by its unusual forked marginal hairs and complete lack of attachment structures on its underside. It forms loose, rosette-shaped colonies on tree bark and is known only from its original discovery site in montane forest.
Taxonomy
Hypotrachyna paraphyscioides was described in 2009 by Harrie Sipman from a single collection made on the northern slope of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, at 2,880 m elevation. Its epithet reflects the close external resemblance to H. physcioides: both share narrow, grey and the same medullary chemistry. Molecular data were not available, but morphologically the new species is set apart by two striking features—forked marginal and the complete absence of rhizines on the lower surface. These, together with a suite of barbatic acid derivatives in the medulla, distinguish H. paraphyscioides from all other described members of the genus.Description
This foliose lichen forms loose rosettes 5–10 cm across on bark. Lobes are sublinear, mostly separate, 1.5–3 mm wide, and end in blunt, slightly up-turned tips. The upper surface is pale grey with blackened rims, faintly glossy, and shows scattered pale blotches but no powdery soredia, isidia, or other vegetative propagules; the remains intact throughout.Along the margin—and occasionally under the lobe—rise black 1–3 mm long that fork once or twice at wide angles, giving a comb-like outline. The lower surface is black, shading to pale brown near the tips, and entirely lacks attachment hairs. Apothecia are common, 2–7 mm in diameter, with shiny brown discs and, inward-curving rims; spores are ellipsoid, 10–13 × 6–7 μm. Immersed pycnidia are frequent and release narrowly fork-tipped conidia about 6 × 0.5 μm.
Chemical spot tests show atranorin in the cortex and a medulla rich in barbatic acid ; traces of obtusatic, 4-O-demethylbarbatic and norobtusatic acids are also present.