Hyperproteinemia

Hyperproteinemia is the state of having overly high levels of protein in the blood. This can occur due to monoclonal gammopathies such as multiple myeloma and after intravenous immunoglobulin has been given. It can result in a falsely low appearing sodium level.

Causes

Increases in certain proteins that are typically present in relatively low concentrations, such as acute phase reactants and polyclonal immunoglobulins caused by inflammation, late-stage liver disease, and infections, can result in mild hyperproteinemia. Normal total protein levels are not sufficient to rule out multiple myeloma or other malignant paraproteinemias, but they may also be the cause of moderate-to-marked hyperproteinemia. To determine the reason behind the elevated serum total protein, a serum protein electrophoresis should be carried out.
The plasma protein level may increase due to dehydration from blood loss of fluids.
1. Physiological causes:

Reduced production, as well as increased protein loss, can cause hypoproteinemia. To determine the reason behind the lower serum total protein, a serum protein electrophoresis ought to be carried out. Urine protein electrophoresis needs to be carried out if a nephrotic pattern is found.